Research Methods in Social Science

Question: Examine about the Research Methods in Social Science. Answer: Presentation: Capacity to listen is a significant trait of leading a subjective exploration as it assists with securing more information and comprehension about the examination. It likewise causes the members to describe their individual experience to the greatest conceivable degree with no interference (Yin 2015). It additionally assists with working up the compatibility of the specialist with the members that encourages the exploration procedure. For instance, great listening abilities during an individual meeting with a chief of the association whereupon the examination is being directed can impact the supervisor to tell about his own involvement in the association. Subjective exploration is messier than absolutely logical examination since it has a lot of decisions and the analyst haggles effectively between various strategies, different speculations and numerous ideal models for making important exploration. It permits the scientists to direct research action in corresponding to different exercises as it offers the assortment, adaptability and open doors for experimentation in numerous social settings (Bhattacherjee 2012). Subjective examination needs to manage the humankind issues along which needs more thought of moral issues making it messier than unadulterated logical exploration. For instance, while directing subjective exploration, the analyst need to experience a lot of expository methodologies which incorporates different exercises other than research exercises. Dealing with the field group is finished by looking over the individual colleagues and normal their individual scores for making composite scores for the group factors like clash and union fair and square of the group (Trochim and Donnelly 2001). In view of the scores, errands are partitioned inside the group in such a manner each colleague get satisfactory assignment dependent on their qualification. Exploration errands are organized by setting the most significant undertakings on the highest priority on the rundown organized for the examination and the least significant assignments on the later piece of the timetable, in this manner leading a deliberate exploration. 1. Watches the regular exercises and customary occasions as they happen normally alongside the surprising events. 2. Contribution with the individuals who are contemplated and encounters by and by the day by day public activity forms in the field settings. 3. Obtains the perspective of the insider with the upkeep of the logical points of view while concentrating on the particular parts of settings and use of hypothetical testing. 4. Utilization of the social abilities and procedures as indicated by the circumstance alongside the basic reasoning aptitudes 5. Information creation as composed notes, pictures, maps or charts with point by point portrayals (Neuman 2006). Introduction of self-influences crafted by a field specialist as they pose delicate inquiries to the respondents. They feel hesitant to respond to those delicate inquiries like inquiries concerning liquor or medication misuse, sexual conduct or psychological wellness issues as noting them may compromise their self-estimation and this influences crafted by the field specialist. The individual aptitudes of the field specialist, which are reflected in the exploration work, can likewise influence the members and their support in the examination. For instance, the conduct aptitudes can influence the information sharing of a member which eventually influences the nature of examination. The disposition of oddness is the way toward making the implicit culture obvious. It is a method of field research wherein the specialists intellectually modifies themselves to consider the to be occasions as a pariah. The specialists will in general embrace this strategy in the recognizable environmental factors as close colleague with the natural culture can make visual deficiency. The advantages are that it encourages disclosure of self and social components become effectively obvious. For instance, the scientist consistently has a desire from the members like the desire for a blessing supplier to hear a debt of gratitude is in order for the pleasant blessing.' It impacts the specialist to rethink the own social world. Member perception tells about the vote pollster arranges that are supported by the dyadic connections that are on a drawn out premise, both level and progressive between the voters, vote-campaigners and the competitor (Chattharakul 2011). Every one of these variables keep on being the significant components for winning decisions. Member perception technique assists with increasing a nearby and private recognition with the members that is significant for gathering proficient information in subjective examination. The member perception in the article gave by Chattharakul (2011) recorded the route by which the competitors can draw up a guide of a political race to recognize the voters for expanding their vote-soliciting procedure. Member perception permitted the scientist to comprehend the vote peddling systems as it offered the specialist to have a nearby investigation of the basic instruments of a crusade of Thai political decision. The scientist reported the procedure by which the applicants draw up the guide of political race after distinguishing proof of the voters for upgrading their system of vote campaigning. The take an interest perception helped the specialist to discover the impact of cash, political groups and degenerate nearby government officials upon provincial voters. From member perception, it has been additionally comprehended that the white collar class voters are acquainted with elective strategies. Swell Sculpture Festival is commended in Queensland in Australia and the directors of the celebration actualize the idea of member perception as the technique for crowd advancement for overseeing and understanding the desires for the crowds. This procedure of member perception assists with representing the comprehension of the practices of the guests with their work of art collaboration. Through the assistance of member perception procedure, the specialist can comprehend the conduct highlights of members and the significant aptitudes of cooperation. The member perception helped in getting organized data about the association or the occasion whereupon the exploration is being finished. Political ethnography assists with understanding the job of legislative issues in regular day to day existence as it centers around the relationship of regular daily existence with governmental issues. A portion of the unremarkable parts of life are established in the country or state governmental issues and ethnography shows the profound underlying foundations of legislative issues of a nation instills the subjects with specific practices and talks. For instance, in the article gave by Goffman (2009), the scientist had the option to attract suggestions identified with the earlier medicines of poor and policing and the territory of progress in regards to more extensive sociological inquiries of discipline alongside the reconnaissance in the cutting edge period. The constraint of utilizing just ethnography as the premise to create open strategy is its connection with unwavering quality. The replication of the ethnographic exploration completed on open approach in the normal setting isn't reproducible. Furthermore, controlling the outer factors for the advancement of open strategies is unimaginable due to longer span of perception (Goffman 2009). Ethnographers incorporate their own understanding for seeking after inquiries and looking into information, it can prompt inclinations in coordinating the request and investigation. Furthermore, this technique endless supply of basic episodes which is hard for speculation testing. The creator needs to deal with the moral part of observation and discipline in the cutting edge time similarly as with the expansion in detainment, the day by day life of the Black people group is influenced. The poor treatment of poor people and the general population policing is the moral issue the creator needs to oversee for their improvement. I would, as a moral director, set out the moral rules for withstanding the law so they can keep away from the discipline. The creator endeavored to give suggestions to review the discipline and detainment related issues as major sociological inquiries which are should have been comprehended for improved status of individuals of color. Becker contends that ought to there be values or not among the sociologists while undertaking the investigations to break down the issues. It has been a state of a situation for the sociologists that Becker advances whether to remain unbiased or display a profound duty while directing the investigations. Remaining nonpartisan is without esteem and responsibility includes a worth position that the creator contends about which side to take. On considering a circumstance when explores are done particularly in the segments of schools, havens, medical clinics, and so on., sociologists consider that their work is one-sided. In such circumstances, the contention exists in the chain of command however has not transformed into transparently political (Becker 1966). I concur with the primary dispute of Becker seeing taking of sides according to our political and individual responsibilities as it will utilize our specialized and hypothetical assets for dodging the twists that might be brought into our work. It will likewise help as far as possible the end and acknowledgment of the various leveled believability. And yet The chain of importance of believability is one such element of our general public whose presence can't be denied. In some cases regardless of whether there is difference as far as the choice or some other work, we can't preclude the choice from securing the one at the top position. Fundamental presumptions of conventional meetings are assessment democratization, respondent-specialist duality and respondents as information vessels. People are relied upon to share regular encounters and the jobs of the respondent and the specialist are formalized. All the investigates that are being directed are relied upon specific presumptions that comprise substantial technique. These suspicions shape the procedure of meeting and the act of the sociologists and in this manner have a more noteworthy commitment towards the vali

Analysis of Advert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Investigation of Advert - Essay Example 3). Promoting technique is an arrangement to which the organizations ought to hold fast to so to have a high ground over its rivals and plans to accomplish the ideal goals. In definition of the advertising system and to sell the item viably, investigation of money saving advantage ought to be embraced. Nike: Ad Appeal Nike is the main trailblazer in footwear for the athletic including array, adornments and hardware. Crucial Nike is to carry motivation alongside development to every single competitor over the globe. Nike’s shopper issues crucial to give the clients the best quality of administration building faithful purchaser relationship over the globe (Nike, 2011). The above prints notice depicts the promoting technique alongside the point and thought process of the organization. Nike strategic to give creative and agreeable footwear, clothing and different accomplices to the athletic around the globe and this is delineated genuinely through the above given prints promotions . ... Nike with its â€Å"Just Do It† battle had the option to expand the residential offer and overall deals. The battle had caught the corporate way of thinking of assurance, coarseness and obviously enthusiasm. Nike is known for assurance, separation and unsentimental disposition. Anyway with its crusade of â€Å"Just Do It† it had the option to promise the purchasers that Nike was a quality brand. VIP support has additionally spoke to purchasers and it turned into an inevitable picture (CFAR, 1998). Promoting Concept The showcasing idea will think about the accompanying which help to decide the advertising technique of Nike and further execution on the equivalent. Division Segmentation is essential for business to proceed as it encourages the firm to vary its item from its rivals which offers ascend to sound rivalry. All shoppers are not the same and in this way various buyers have various kinds of necessities and in this manner by division the commercial center and by pi cking the objective market, organizations will be capable t give all the advantages to its ideal market portion. When the objective market has been recognized alongside the portion the organization will have the option to settle on the method of promoting. The prints advertisements of Nike unmistakably have shown the section that Nike takes into account. In all the prints promotions of Nike alongside the two print advertisements appeared in this area decide the fragment of Nike. Nike has divided its item for the youthful and for the moderately aged individuals inside the age gathering of 20 to 50 years. In light of monetary division Nike has portioned its item as needs be to the ways of life of high, medium and furthermore for the low end clients. Geologically Nike has portioned the market into different sections

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters are Reading on September 28, 2017

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters are Reading on September 28, 2017 In this feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). Gird your loinsâ€"this list combined will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Liberty Hardy Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor (Tor.com, January 16, 2018): The final book in the freaking fantastic Binti trilogy. One word: eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee! (e-galley) Anthony Karcz Apex (Hunter) by Mercedes Lackey: The final entry in Lackeys Hunger Games meets DD Monster Manual series. Ive been hooked since the first book, with its no-nonsense protagonist and gonzo monsters on practically every page. Im excited to see where Joy ends up, but sad to leave this world behind. (E-book) Kate Scott The Sacred Enneagram by Christopher L. Heuertz: I’m always game for a new book on the Enneagram! (Paperback) Ilana Masad Prospero’s Daughter by Elizabeth Nunez: I’m taking a fascinating class right now in which we read this book, and our professor kept bringing us back to this one extremely salient pointâ€"this retelling of The Tempest by William Shakespeare is told from within an already-colonized space, and doesn’t give its Caliban character a history of pre-colonization. The book is spectacularly discomfiting (which is good), sometimes a little heavy handed, but ultimately a needed exploration of the continued effects of European colonization of the Caribbean. (Hardcover) Claire Handscombe Stay With Me by Ayobami Adebayo: I’ve wanted to read this ever since it was mentioned at the Buzz panel at BookExpo, and I’ve convinced my book club to read it with me. Win! (galley) Celine Low The Glass Palace by Amitav Ghosh: I’m trying this new thing whereby I organise my reading based on metaphor (now doing glass) and this is the next highly rated one on my list. Any recommendations welcome! S.W. Sondheimer IQ by Joe Ide: This is one of the books Kareem Abdul-Jabbar recommended in the interview we posted last week and it is phenomenal. Started it this afternoon and already on pg 229. Think Sherlock Holmes as a young black man growing up in LA, his clients insanely wealthy rappers as well as young Latinx women kidnapped off the street by a pedophile. I’m going to have to fight myself hard not to stay up and finish this one tonight. Sarah Nicolas They Both Die at the End by Adam Silvera: I’m going to be finished with this book by the time this post goes live because I’m just tearing through it. It’s so good! It’s about two teenage boys who are initially strangers spending their last day on earth together. (audiobook) Nicole Froio We Were Eight Years in Power by Ta-Nehesi Coates: Coates is one of my favorite writers and I can’t wait to read this collection of essays about the Obama years. (arc) Jaime Herndon The Glass Eye by Jeannie Vanasco: I just started this memoir about family, the stories we tell ourselves, and mental health. And its captivating. (Galley) Teresa Preston The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein:  The magazine I used to work for published several articles by Rothstein on segregation, so I was excited to see he’d written a whole book on the topic. The book is also on the longlist for the National Book Award. (Hardcover) Steph Auteri Clean Room Vol. 3: Waiting for the Stars to Fall by Gail Simone, Walter Geovani, Sanya Anwar, and Quinton Winter:  There was a conversation among fellow Book Rioters about spooky comics, and Clean Room came up. I like spooky. I read the first two volumes in one quick gulp through Hoopla, and now I’m on the third. (Ebook) Laura Sackton Independent People by Halldor Laxness: I’ve been obsessed with Iceland ever since I had the chance to travel there last fall. So I’ve decided to work my way through Icelandic literature, starting with Halldor Laxness, the only Icelander ever to win a Nobel prize and beloved in his country. So far, Independent People is a gritty and rather gloomy look at sheep farming in the Icelandic countryside. In other words: awesome. (Audiobook) Elizabeth Allen Lily and the Octopus by Steven Rowley: I read this for my local indie’s bookgroup. With the exception of The Art of Racing in the Rain, I’ve been kind of over emotional stories about beloved family pets dying. But, like Garth Stein’s book, Rowley finds a completely new and unique way to discuss the painful yet beautiful journey of saying goodbye to a member of your family. He combines stark reality and fabulism to really express what it feels like to live in that stagnant time between knowing your pet will be leaving you soon and actually having to make that final, difficult decision. (Paperback) Priya Sridhar Certain Dark Things by Silvia Moreno-Garcia: Silvia is a wonderful editor, and a storyteller. She takes us to Mexico City, where Atl, a woman with Aztec origins and a need to drink blood, has to go on the lam when a gang targets her. She takes an unwitting donor with her, and starts getting attached to the young Domingo. Meanwhile her pursuers, who also have supernatural roots, contend with a reckless member and the stricter laws that don’t allow for ample feeding. I love this world so much, and the rich language within the prose. (eBook) Jan Rosenberg The Idiot by Elif Batuman: I have heard everyone talking about this book. I listened to a podcast that mentioned a few of the subtle, funny moments that make this book so poignant. Like how Selin can’t decide to answer a classmate when he stops to ask how she is, so she stares at him until he just gives up and walks away. I was on the fence for a while, but I’m halfway through and I love it so much. I want to linger with this book so that it takes longer to finish. Selin is the daughter of Turkish immigrants and has just arrived at Harvard from New Jersey. Harvard is supposed to be a haven for intellectuals, but the students and professors are hilariously lost, and no more confident in themselves than Selin is. Selin is such a fresh, honest, and brave young woman. And I’m pretty sure this book makes an argument for wordplay as foreplay. I may have to check out Batuman’s other novel when I’m finished. (Hardcover) Katie McLain The Devotion of Suspect X by Keigo Higashino: I found a copy of this at a nearby used book sale, and I keep hearing so many good things about Higashino’s mysteries that I decided to grab it. I’m not far into it, but I can tell already it’s a compelling story. (Paperback) Derek Attig Bearly a Lady by Cassandra Khaw: I was desperately in need of something fun and sparkly and delightful, and so I pounced on this werebear-with-a-vampire-roommate story. I don’t regret it. Not a bit. (ebook) Jess Plummer The Three Lives of James Madison: Genius, Partisan, President by Noah Feldman: I was inspired by Matt Grant’s presidential biography challenge to try working my way through biographies of every US president so far over the next four years. Three and half down, a daunting number to go! (Digital ARC) Jen Sherman I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou: This is one of my books for the Read Harder challenge, which I’m desperately trying to finish in the next six weeks! The book is harder to read than I thought it would be, but as I said to my husband last night, it’s narrated by an African American child living in the American south in the 1930s. It was never going to be a light and fluffy read. (Library paperback) Rebecca Hussey Border: A Journey to the Edge of Europe by Kapka Kassabova: First, this is nonfiction published by Graywolf Press, and that makes it automatically worth checking out. But it’s also a mix of memoir, travel writing, and social/political observations and analysis, a combination of genres I can’t resist. Fifty pages into this exploration of the border areas in Bulgaria, Turkey, and Greece, I’m finding it fascinating. (Paperback ARC) Adiba Jaigirdar The Mermaid and Mrs  Hancock by Imogen Hermes Gowar: I’m basically on board for any book that is about mermaids. And this one had mermaids in the title! So far, it’s not exactly what I expected the book to be, but the prose is beautiful and I’m certainly intrigued. (Digital ARC) Jenn Northington Basic Witches by Jaya Saxena and Jess Zimmerman: I picked this up on a whim at BEA, expecting it to be a very silly but fun millennial grimoireâ€"a novelty book, something I might flip through once and then pass along. Readers, I read it cover to cover, and I’m keeping my copy forever. Saxena and Zimmerman do an excellent job of talking about intention setting as ritual, laying out the history of witchesâ€"particularly in the USâ€"and their relationship with feminism, AND of making me laugh out loud with occasional silliness. This book is a gemâ€"get it for you, for your girl gang, and any woman who might be occasionally tempted to hex a catcaller. Jessica Yang The Disappearance of Ember Crow by Ambelin Kwaymullina: I read The Interrogation of Ashala Wolf a while back and loved it, so of course the sequel is on my to-read list! (hardcover) Tasha Brandstatter A Kiss in Lavender by Laura Florand: The latest release by one of my favorite authors. (ebook) Emily Martin All the Ugly and Wonderful Things by Bryn Greenwood: This was my pick for the book club I’m in, and I’m absolutely loving everything about this book. I know that Book of the Month chose it for their book of the year in 2016, and I can see why. This is a very unique book that leaves me feeling conflicted about each and every character. Honestly, I’m nearly finished with the book and I have no idea how it should end or how I should even be rooting for it to end. Whatever happens, I can’t put it down. (hardcover) Susie Rodarme Hunger by Roxane Gay: I have finally started this book. I have been circling it since it came out, trying to be brave enough to read it, or maybe waiting for when I really needed it, which seems to be right now. (hardcover) Simone Jung Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe by Benjamin Alire Saenz. I’ve been on a YA kick lately and getting through my TBR. I picked up this book recently because I’ve heard so many good things in the past, and the number of awards tacked onto this book cover made me wonder how good it is. Since I’m the type of person who has to find things out for myself, I had to read it for myself. I can’t believe how amazing this story is following two boys on their way to discovering their lives as well as themselves. (paperback) Alison Doherty The Purity Myth: How America’s Obsession with Virginity Is Hurting Young Women by Jessica Valenti: Ooof this book is putting me in a dark mood, but I also can’t stop talking about what I’m learning to everyone I meet. From abstinence only “education” programs to abortion laws and the treatment of assault victims, I’m captivated at how society from courtroom to classrooms systematically devalues women to little more than their sexuality through an emphasis on sexual purity. The things that are hard about reading this book are the same things that make it so important. Deya Bhattacharya HomeFire by Kamila Shamsie: This was longlisted for the Man Booker this year and I know this book has been doing the rounds on Instagram so naturally, I was curious.  Picked it up on my birthday rather abruptly; as traditional goes, I buy at least one book on my birthday, and it was almost 9 pm with the neighbourhood indie closing, so I just grabbed it. Now I’m awake all night telling myselfâ€"“Deya, just one more chapter!” What a read this is! (Hardcover) Jamie Canaves The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra (Baby Ganesh Agency Investigation #1) by Vaseem Khan: On the day of his retirement (due to health issues) Inspector Ashwin Chopra inherits a baby elephant and comes across a case of a dead boy he can’t let go of. I picked this up in hopes that I will learn the secret to someone gifting me a baby elephant but also I am always here for a mystery set in Mumbai, India. (ebook) Karina Glaser A Boy Called Bat by Elana K. Arnold: A lovely chapter book about a boy on the autism spectrum who falls in love with a rescued baby skunk, and how he tries to convince his mother to let him keep it as a pet. A sweet story with realistically drawn characters and honest emotions. (Library Hardcover) Margaret Kingsbury We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Um, I’m reading this because it’s short. Okay, so I have more reasons than that, but I’m running behind on my yearly reading goal. At 52 pages, I should be able to finish this tonight in a single sitting. But of course I’m also reading it because I’m a feminist and I want to read it… (Paperback) Trisha Brown Completely by Ruthie Knox: Ruthie Knox is one of the first romance authors whose work I read, and she’s definitely the first whose backlist I immediately sought out and devoured. After stepping away from writing for a couple of yearsâ€"an eternity in romance timeâ€"Knox returned this year with a couple of new releases, including new release Completely, and I am delighted to have her back. (e-galley) jessica pryde Acting on Impulse by Mia Sosa: I one-clicked this the day it came out (if you know me, star/not-star romances are my total tropetonite) but Ive also got a library stack a mile high so this one wasnt started until all I had was my phone and a long wait for someone and Im so glad I did. Those library books can wait. (ebook) *** What are you reading? Save

The 12 Best Books on Balkan History of 2019

Conformity Is A Jailer Of Freedom And The Enemy Of Growth

The statement â€Å"Conformity is a jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth,† was spoken by John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, in an attempt to boost American morale. The idea that is being conveyed is that conformity limits freedom, inspiration, and independence, which are the traits that brought the United States to where it is now. Conformity, defined as acting in order and in compliance with social behavior and law, is an extremely ambiguous term, but it means that creativity and originality can be lost due to the standards set by authoritative figures. Many works of literature share the common connection that runs through all of their collective plots and express the dangers of agreeing with society. In Arthur Miller’s drama The Crucible, the theocratic community of Salem is engulfed by hysteria over witchcraft and is reluctantly led to oppose the court’s defense of the truth. In the Scientific American article  "Why Are We So Afraid of Creativity?† by Maria Konnikova, she concludes that people try not to get imaginative due to societal restrictions that clash with their ambitions, which results in people that are compelled to repress their creative urges under the greater authority, and to never be very productive, as society has its fears of the extent of creativity. The Apple Macintosh Commercial â€Å"1984† tries to sell Macintoshes by persuading that these products will stray from the drab and conventional style of the 1980s and bringShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm, 1984 and John F. Kennedy503 Words   |  2 PagesJohn F. Kennedy had once said, â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† This erudite quote is saying that people often conform to things and due to their conformity they not able to have their own thoughts or opinions. John F. Kennedy has a great percipience of life and mankind; if you follow others, you are doing only what others w ant, therefore you impede your own growth. Throughout Animal Farm and 1984 both by George Orwell, this is seen by the use of motifs, characterizationRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Conformity Analysis1285 Words   |  6 Pages John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å"conformity is jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† I happen to think this quote is very true, because if no one ever had a different opinion, then would anything ever change? Or would it all stay the same? Forever? The idea of conformity can be seen as a good, or a bad thing. In many cases it is a bad thing, as one idea that is wrong is the only one that people think is right. This can specifically be seen in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Atticus,Read MoreConformity In Fahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury1005 Words   |  5 Pages John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.†. This has been a puzzling idea for many; most of us are grown into some form of conformity at one time or another. At what point does following the rules become wrong? When is it too much? Over the years many people begin to question what the acts of following the crowd can mean; whether or not we need thes e orders, and structures to function; or whether it’s really worth losing yourself just to make everybodyRead MoreKafkas The Metamorphosis : Societal Normality Versus The Individual1626 Words   |  7 PagesNormality versus the Individual â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† Although perhaps a trivial interpretation of the role of conformity, John F. Kennedy captures the essence of Kafka’s The Metamorphosis by identifying the principle struggle faced by Gregor as he experiences life following his inexplicable transformation â€Å"into a horrible vermin.†(1) The Metamorphosis explores the existential dichotomy between the societal pressure of conformity and the individuals drive forRead MoreFighting Against Restraints on Freedom Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pages As human beings, we endure each and every day, a constant fight for freedom. Liberty is described as ‘’the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint’’ (Dictionary.com). Relevant examples are found throughout history of the restraints of rights and the ever constant search for true freedom. Perhaps the most atrocious removal can be seen in the S econd World War; Legal and fundamental rights were taken away at this time without thought or conscience. Other examplesRead MoreThe Justification Of Nazi Officer s Actions During World War II1243 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance in sports events, clothing, or otherwise, we feel the need to compare ourselves to and identify with the societal â€Å"norms† around us. It is better to thrive as a sheep than to starve as a wolf, as the saying goes. This is what is known as conformity and it has been with us from time immemorial. In 1963, Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University investigated the conflict of consciousness and morality, their clash with the desire to follow directions. Milgram wanted to explore the justificationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Quicksand By Nella Larsen1202 Words   |  5 PagesAs John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth†. The novel Quicksand by Nella Larsen chronicles the plight of a young, racially mixed woman struggling with alienation during the Harlem Renaissance. The female protagonist, Helga Crane, born to a Danish mother and West Indian father, was abandoned and disowned by both her mother and father. Larsen wrote the novel in a time during which racial uplift was promoted and it was expected of women to comply withRead MoreThe Evil And Oppression Of The Innocent By John Wyndham1208 Words   |  5 PagesDeviations , and fear created through â€Å"The Definition of Man† by the authority figures of Waknuk. Their ignorance forces those outside society s norms to live a life where death is considered to be the only salvation. Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth. Being the only safe ‘haven’ amongst unchecked Deviation in the Fringes and beyond, the people of Waknuk are constantly afraid of being overrun by these Deviations which they perceive as intolerable evil and the ‘Devils work’Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWorkplace 143 An Ethical Choice Should You Try to Change Someone’s Personality? 147 Point/Counterpoint Millennials Are More Narcissistic 155 Questions for Review 156 Experiential Exercise What Organizational Culture Do You Prefer? 156 Ethical Dilemma Freedom or Lack of Commitment? 156 Case Incident 1 Is There a Price for Being Too Nice? 157 Case Incident 2 Leadership from an Introvert’s Perspective 158 6 Perception and Individual Decision Making What Is Perception? 166 Factors That Influence Perception

Night World Dark Angel Chapter 12 Free Essays

Yes,† Gillian said simply. Her heart rate had picked up a little, but with anticipation rather than fear. Angel was looking very mysterious. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He struck a looking-into-the-distance pose, then said, â€Å"Have you ever had the feeling that you don’t really know reality?† â€Å"Frequently,† Gillian said dryly. â€Å"Ever since I met you.† He grinned. â€Å"I mean even before that. Someone wrote about the ‘inconsolable secret’ that’s in each of us. The desire for our own far-off country, for something we’ve never actually experienced. About how we all long ‘to bridge some chasm that yawns between us and reality †¦ to be reunited with something in the universe from which we now feel cut off†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ â€Å" Gillian sat bolt upright. â€Å"Yes. I never heard anybody say it that well before. About the chasm- you always feel that there’s something else, somewhere, and that you’re being left out. I thought it was something the popular people would be in on-but it hasn’t got anything to do with them at all.† â€Å"As if the world has some secret, if you could only get on the inside.† â€Å"Yes. Yes.† She looked at him in fascination. â€Å"This is about being a witch, isn’t it? You’re saying that I’ve always felt that way because it’s true. Because for me there is a different reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Nah.† Angel grimaced. â€Å"Actually everybody feels exactly the same. Doesn’t mean a thing.† Gillian collapsed. â€Å"What?† â€Å"For them. For them, there is no secret place. As for you†¦ well, it’s not what you’re thinking; it’s not some higher reality of astral planes or anything. It’s as real as those socks. As real as that girl, Melusine, in the store in Woodbridge. And it’s where you were meant to be. A place where you’ll be welcomed into the heart of things.† Gillian’s heart was racing wildly. â€Å"Where is it?† â€Å"It’s called the Night World.† Gray-blue shadows were gliding up the hills. Gillian drove in the twilight, heading toward the darkness in the east. â€Å"Explain again,† she said, and she said it out loud, even though she couldn’t see Angel. There was a slight disturbance of air above the seat to her right, a hint of mist, but that was all. â€Å"You’re saying it’s not just witches.† â€Å"Not by a long shot. Witches are just one race; there are all sorts of other creatures of the night. All the sorts that you’ve been taught to think are legends.† â€Å"And they’re real. And they’re just living alongside normal humans. And they always have been.† â€Å"Yes. But it’s easy, you see. They look like humans, at least at first glance. As much as you look like a human.† â€Å"But I am a human. I mean, mostly, right? My great-grandma was a witch, but she married a human and so did my grandma and my mom. So I’m all †¦ diluted.† â€Å"It doesn’t matter to them. You can claim witch blood. And your powers are beyond dispute. Trust me, they’ll welcome you.† â€Å"Besides, I’ve got you,† Gillian said cheerfully. â€Å"I mean, ordinary humans don’t have their own invisible guardians, do they?† â€Å"Well.† Angel seemed to coalesce dimly beside her. From what she could see of his face, he was frowning. â€Å"You can’t actually tell them about me. Don’t ask why; I’m not allowed to explain. But I’ll be with you, the way I always am. I’ll help you out with what to say. Don’t worry; you’ll do fine.† Gillian wasn’t worried. She felt steeped in mystery and a sort of forbidden excitement. The whole world seemed magical and unfamiliar. Even the snow looked different, blue and almost phosphorescent. As Gillian drove through rolling farmlands, a glow appeared above the eastern hills, and then the full moon rose, huge and throbbing with light. Deeper and deeper, she thought. She seemed to have left everything ordinary behind and to be sliding more and more quickly into an enchanted place where anything-anything at all-could happen. She wouldn’t have been surprised if Angel had directed her to pull off into some snowy clearing and look for a fairy ring. But when he said, â€Å"Turn here,† it was at a main road that led to the straggling outskirts of a town. â€Å"Where are we?† â€Å"Sterback. Little hole-in-the-wall place-except for where we’re going. Stop here.† â€Å"Here† was a nondescript building, which looked as if it had originally been Victorian. It wasn’t in very good repair. Gillian got out and looked at the moon shining on the windows. The building might have been a lodge. It was set apart from the rest of the dark and silent town. A wind had started up and she shivered. (Uh, it doesn’t look like anybody’s in there.) (Go to the door.) Angel’s voice in her mind was comforting, as always. There was no sign at the door, nothing to indicate that this was a public building. But the stained glass window above the door was faintly illuminated from the inside. The pattern seemed to be a flower. A black iris. (The Black Iris is the name of this place. It’s a dub-) Angel was interrupted by a sudden explosion. That was Gillian’s impression. For the first instant she had no idea what it was-just a dark shape flying at her and a violent noise-and she almost fell off the porch. Then she realized that the noise was barking. A chained dog was yammering and foaming, trying to get at her. (I’ll take care of it.) Angel sounded grim, and an instant later Gillian felt something like a wave in the air. The dog dropped flat as if it had been shot. It rolled its eyes. The porch was dead silent again. Everything was silent. Gillian stood and breathed, feeling adrenaline run through her. But before she could say anything, the door opened behind her. A face looked out of the dimness inside the house. Gillian couldn’t make out the features, but she could see the gleam of eyes. â€Å"Who’re you?† The voice was slow and flat, not friendly. â€Å"What do you want?† Gillian followed Angel’s whispered words. â€Å"I’m Gillian of the Harman clan, and I want in. It’s cold out here.† â€Å"A Harman?† â€Å"I’m a Hearth-Woman, a daughter of Hellewise, and if you don’t let me in, you stupid werewolf, I’m going to do to you what I did to your cousin there.† She stuck out a gloved finger toward the cringing dog. (Werewolf? Angel, there are real werewolves?) (I told you. All the legendary creatures.) Gillian felt an odd sinking. She had no idea why, and she continued to do just as Angel said. But somehow her stomach was knotting tighter and tighter. The door opened slowly. Gillian stepped into a dim hall and the door slammed shut again with a curiously final sound. â€Å"Didn’t recognize you,† the figure beside her said. â€Å"Thought you might be vermin.† â€Å"I forgive you,† Gillian said, and pulled off her gloves at Angel’s direction. â€Å"Downstairs?† He nodded and she followed him to a door which led to a stairway. As soon as the door opened, Gillian heard music. She descended, feeling extremely†¦ subterranean. The basement was deeper than most basements. And bigger. It was like a whole new world down there. It wasn’t much brighter than upstairs, and there were no windows. It seemed like an old place; there was a shuffleboard pattern on the cold tile floor and a faint smell of mildew and moisture. But it was alive with people. There were figures sitting on chairs dumped around the borders of the room and more gathered around a pool table at one end. There were figures in front of a couple of ancient looking pinball machines and figures clustered at what looked like a home bar. Gillian headed for the bar. She could feel eyes on her every step of the way. She felt too small and too young as she perched precariously on one of the bar stools. She rested her elbows on the counter and tried to slow her heart down. The figure behind the bar turned toward her. It was a guy, maybe in his twenties. He stepped forward and Gillian saw his face. Shock rippled through her. There was something†¦ wrong with him. Not that he was hideously ugly or that he would have caused a commotion if he got on a bus. Maybe it was something Gillian sensed through her new powers and not through her eyes at all. But the impression she got was that his face looked wrong. Tainted by cold dark thoughts that made Tanya’s scheming mind look like a sunlit garden. Gillian couldn’t help her recoil. And the bar guy saw it. â€Å"You’re new,† he said. The dark and cold seemed to grow in him and she realized he was enjoying her fear. â€Å"Where are you from?† Angel was shouting instructions at her. â€Å"I’m a Harman,† Gillian said as steadily as she could. â€Å"And-you’re right. I’m new.† (Good, kid. Don’t let him bully you! Now you’re going to explain to them just exactly who you are-) (In a minute, Angel. Just let me get-settled.) The truth was that Gillian was completely unsettled. The sense of dread that had been growing ever since she walked in was reaching an unbearable pitch. This place was†¦ she groped for adjectives. Unwholesome. Corrupt. Scary. And then she realized something else. Up until now she hadn’t been able to make out the faces of the other figures properly. Only eyes and the occasional flash of teeth. But now-they were moving in around her. It reminded her of sharks, swimming almost aimlessly but ending up in a purposeful gathering. There were people directly behind her-she could feel that with the back of her neck-and there were people on either side of her. When she looked, she could see their faces. Cold-dark-wrong. Not just wrong, but almost diabolic. These were people who might do anything and enjoy it. Their eyes glittered at her. More than glittered. Some of the eyes were shining†¦ like an animal’s at night†¦ and now they were smiling and she could see teeth. Long delicate canine teeth that came to a point. Fangs†¦ All the legendary creatures†¦ Sheer panic surged through her. And at the same instant, she felt strong hands on her elbows. â€Å"Why don’t you come outside with me?† a voice behind her said. Then things were confused. Angel was yelling again, but Gillian couldn’t really hear him over the pounding of her own heart. The hands were exerting pressure, forcing her away from the bar. And the figures with their diabolical faces were settling back, most of them wearing conspiratorial grins. â€Å"Have fun,† somebody called. Gillian was being hurried up the stairs, whisked through the dim building. A blast of cold air hit her as the door opened and she suddenly felt dearer. She tried to break out of the iron grip that was holding her. It didn’t do any good. She was out in the snow, leaving the house behind. The street was completely deserted. â€Å"Is that your car?† The hands on her arms eased their pressure. Gillian gave one desperate wrench and turned around. Moonlight was shining on the snow around her, giving it the texture of white satin. Every shadow was like an indigo stain on the sparkling coverlet. The person who’d been holding her was a boy a few years older than Gillian. He was lanky and elegant, with ash-blond hair and slightly tilted eyes. Something about the way he held himself made her think of lazy predatory animals. But his face wasn’t wrong, the way the other faces had been. It was set and grim, maybe even a little scary, but it wasn’t evil. â€Å"Now, look,† he said, and his voice wasn’t evil, either, just rapid and short. â€Å"I don’t know who you are, or how you managed to get in there, but you’d better turn around and go home right now. Because whatever you are, you’re not a Harman.† â€Å"How do you know?† Gillian blurted before Angel could tell her what to say. â€Å"Because I’m related to the Harmans. I’m Ash Redfern. You don’t even know what that means, do you? If you were a Harman you’d know that our families are kin.† (You are a Harman, and you are a witch!) Angel was actually raging. (Tell him! Tell him!) But the ash-blond boy was going on. â€Å"They’ll eat you alive in there if they find out for sure. They’re not as-tolerant-of humans as I am. So my advice is, get in your car, drive away, and never come back. And never mention this place to anybody else.† (You’re a lost witch! You’re not a human. Tell him!) â€Å"How come you’re so tolerant?† Gillian was staring at the boy. His eyes†¦ she’d thought they were amber colored originally, like Steffi’s, but now they were emerald green. He gave her an odd look. Then he smiled. It was a lazy smile, but with something heart-wrenching behind it. â€Å"I met a human girl last summer,† he said quietly, and that seemed to explain everything. Then he nodded at her car. â€Å"Get out of here. Never come back. I’m just passing through; I won’t be around to save you again.† (Don’t get in the car. Don’t go. Tell him. You’re a witch; you belong to Circle Midnight. Don’t go!) For the first time, Gillian deliberately disobeyed an order of Angel’s. She unlocked the car with shaky hands. As she got in, she looked back at the boy. Ash. â€Å"Thank you,† she said. â€Å"Bye.† He wiggled his fingers. He watched as she drove away. (Go back there right now! You belong there, just as much as any of them. You’re one of them. They can’t keep you out. Turn around and go back!) â€Å"Angel, stop it!† She said it out loud. â€Å"I can’t! Don’t you see that? I can’t. They were horrible. They were-evil.† Now that she was alone, reaction was setting in. Her whole body began to shake. She was suddenly blind with tears, her breath catching in her throat. â€Å"Not evil!† Angel shimmered into the seat beside her. He had never sounded so agitated. â€Å"Just powerful-â€Å" â€Å"They were evil. They wanted to hurt me. I saw their eyes!† She was lapsing into hysteria. â€Å"Why did you take me there? When you wouldn’t even let me talk to Melusine? Melusine wasn’t like them.† A violent shiver overtook her. The car veered and she struggled with it, barely getting control. All at once everything seemed alien and terrifying; she was out on a long and lonely road, and it was night, and there was an uncanny being in the seat beside her. She didn’t know who he was anymore. All she knew was that he wasn’t any kind of an angel. The logical alternative sprang immediately to her mind. She was alone in the middle of nowhere with a demon†¦ â€Å"Gillian, stop it!† â€Å"Who are you? What are you, really? Who are you?† â€Å"What do you mean? You know who I am.† â€Å"No, I don’t!† She was screaming it. â€Å"I don’t know anything about you! Why did you take me there? Why did you want them to hurt me? Why?† â€Å"Gillian, stop the car. Stop. The. Car.† His voice was so commanding, so urgent and imperative, that she actually obeyed. She was sobbing anyway. She couldn’t drive or see. She felt, literally and honestly, that she was losing her mind at that exact moment. â€Å"Now look at me. Wipe your face off and look at me.† After a moment she managed. He was shining. Light seemed to radiate from every inch, of him, from the gold filaments of his hair, to his classic features, to the lines of his perfect body. And he’d calmed down. His expression was rapt and uplifted, the serenity only marred by what looked like concern for her. â€Å"Now,† he said. â€Å"I’m sorry if all this scared you. New things are like that sometimes-they seem repulsive just because they’re different. But we won’t talk about that now,† he added, as Gillian caught a shuddering breath. â€Å"The important thing is that I wasn’t trying to hurt you.† His eyes seemed to grow even more intense, pure violet flame. Gillian hiccupped. â€Å"But-you-â€Å" â€Å"I could never hurt you, Gillian. Because, you see, we’re soulmates.† He said it with the weight of a monumental revelation. And although Gillian had no idea what it meant, she felt an odd quiver inside, almost of recognition. â€Å"What’s that?† â€Å"It’s something that happens with people who belong to the Night World. It means that there’s only one love for everyone who exists. And when you meet that love, you know them. You know you were meant to be together, and nothing can keep you apart.† It was true. Every word seemed to resonate inside Gillian, touching off ancient, hidden memories. This was something her ancestors had known. Her cheeks had dried. Her hysteria was gone. But she felt very tired and very bewildered. â€Å"But †¦ if that’s true†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She couldn’t put the thought together. â€Å"Don’t worry about it right now.† Angel’s voice was soothing. â€Å"We’ll talk about it later. I’ll explain what it all means. I just wanted you to know that I would never hurt you. I love you, Gillian. Don’t you realize that?† â€Å"Yes,† Gillian whispered. Everything was very foggy. She didn’t want to think, didn’t want to consider the implications of what Angel was saying. She just wanted to get home. â€Å"Relax and I’ll help you drive,† Angel said. â€Å"Don’t worry about anything. It’s all going to be all right.† How to cite Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 12, Essay examples

Awareness of Lifestyle Changes

Question: Discuss about the Awareness of Lifestyle Changes. Answer: Introduction: Miss Bell was recognised as a patient who had high pulse rate and was also seen to suffer from mild tachycardia. From the lifestyle, that she leads, one can easily understand the main causes that had contributed to the occurrences of the bouts of breathlessness. Tachycardia usually occurs when the heart beats too rapidly. The higher than normal heartbeat as is evident from the high pulse rate is mainly because the heart pumps less efficiently and flow of blood to different parts of the body is reduced along with that of the heart. From the case history, the main contributing factors that are found to be the reason of tachycardia is the consumption of processed and higher fact containing foods. Heavy meals forming of fast foods and processed foods are high in sodium and saturated fat. In presence of less consumption of water, the blood becomes thicker and it therefore compels the heart to work harder. Cholesterol levels may also shoot higher after such meals due to overworking of heart. Consuming too much of alcohol is also found to the contributing factors of tachycardia. Often alcohol is found to disturb the pacemaker system in such a way that the heart starts beating rapidly and irregularly. Age is often a contributing factor for increasing blood pressure leading to hypertension. Arteries become stiffer and narrower to plaque build-up. Besides, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity, salt rich diet with processed fatty foods and alcohol use are also the causes. All these are observed in the patient and therefore one can understand the main factors responsible for such condition. Secondary prevention mainly refers to the reduction of the impact of a diseases or disorder. It involves detection and treatment of the diseases encouraging personal strategies to prevent recurrence. Secondary prevention of the patient should be patient cantered approach that will deal with the specific symptoms that miss Bell is facing rather than providing conventional treatment to her. Hypertension of the patient should be treated by thiazide diuretics acting on kidneys to help body eliminate the sodium and water reducing blood volume. The best medication that can be given to her include beta blockers that reduce workload on the heart and open blood vessels helping to beat heart slowly and with less force (van der Werf Lieve, 2016). Calcium channel blockers can also be used to make the muscles of the blood vessels relax and also slows down heart rate. Alcohol specially wines should be strictly avoided as it is believed that grapefruit juice often interacts with calcium channel bl ockers as they tend to increase the blood levels of the medication. This puts the patient at a higher risk for side effects. Besides medication, she should immediately alter and modify her lifestyle so that the symptoms do not arise in her in the future. She should maintain a healthy diet containing more of organic products and home cooked food in order to decrease the amount of saturated fats in her diet. She should have a daily schedule of eating, sleeping and exercising at the same fixed times (Ozdag, Didem Suna Yavuz, 2015). Although she remains quite busy, lifestyle changes would help her from these occurrences. Alcohol consumption everyday should be inhibited and can be only taken occasionally. Regular exercise would help her to get well. Maintaining a healthy weight and limiting the amount of alcohol would help her to get better. Tertiary prevention would be started when the blood pressure reaches 140/90. Engaging herself in different community based programs of yoga, meditations, diet maintenance classes and others will help her to understand how she will tackle the symptoms herself. She can undertake regular morning walks in the parks nearby her house whenever she is present in hometown and help her life towards betterment. Carrying home cooked food to offices will be a refreshing change to her health. Reflection: On the day of the visit of Miss Bell, I was going to the doctors ward when being summoned by the doctor. In the corridor, I all of a sudden saw, miss Bell holding the walls and trying to sit on the chairs provided. I immediately rushed to her understanding that she was having abnormality. From my evidence based research practise, I applied my knowledge of first checking the pulse rate. After measuring it, I understood that it was irregular and I immediately took her to the patient ward. I was highly praised by my fellow mates for my quick action and measuring the pulse rate which is a very crucial signal for the symptoms. However, I was not sure what medication to provide her particularly at that time for I could not ask the patient of her history at the critical moment. I was very confused. Therefore, I asked my mentor about the course of work that I should follow. She instructed me to provide her with oxygen supply immediately. As she was on lower risk, she also instructed me to provide beta blocker after she recovers. However, herein was my weakness as my capability to identify the correct intervention with the minimum symptoms available is very poor. However I need to go through more evidence based studies and reflective journals to improve my on spot capability of identification and delivery of proper interventions. Reference: Ozdag, Y., Didem Suna, Y., Yavuz, B. (2015). An assessment of the awareness of lifestyle changes in patients with hypertension.Fam Med Med Sci Res,4(178), 2. van der Werf, C., Lieve, K. V. (2016). Beta-blockers in the treatment of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.Heart Rhythm,13(2), 441-442.

Aaron Burr essays

Aaron Burr essays Aaron Burr was a brilliant man who made numerous contributions to the American Revolution and also led a prosperous life of the battlefield. Aaron Burr was born February 6, 1756 in Newark, New Jersey, he lead a tough child hood, but was still able to receive a great education and make something of it. He was a good soldier who fought hard and accomplished much in the American Revolution. After the war he lived to make even more out of his life. On February 6, 1756 Aaron Burr was born in Newark, New Jersey. Shortly after his birth his sister, Sally Burr was brought into the world. Aaron Burr was the son of Reverend Aaron Burr who was the cofounder and second president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), and Esther Edwards. Both parents died before he was three years old. After his parents death Aaron went to live with his uncle, Reverend Timothy Edwards. In his youth Aaron constantly rebelled against authority. He escaped the strict discipline of his uncles home to enter Princeton as a sophomore in 1769 at the young age of 13. Graduating with honors in 1772, he studied theology and then abandoned it for law. In July of 1775 Matthias Ogden at Cambridge, near Boston, accompanied Burr. Things there were to quiet to suit two adventurous lads like Burr and Ogden, So when they learned that Colonel Benedict Arnold was heading an expedition against Quebec, Burr was quick to volunteer. Aaron Burr first served on Benedict Arnolds Staff, where he was quickly promoted to captain. He then served briefly with George Washington, and later with Gen. Israel Putman. In July 1777, as a lieutenant colonel, Burr took over command of a regiment. In June of 1778 Colonel Burr led his regiment in the Battle of Monmouth, which proved unfortunate for the American forces. Burr was very active in the battle and suffered slight sunstroke. In January of 1779 Burr was transferred to ...

Waka Flocka ACT Scores

Waka Flocka ACT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Waka Flocka is running for President - but is he qualified? Are you taking the ACT? You're in good company! Barack Obama, Marilyn Monroe, and Steve Jobs all took the ACT, too, along with several other celebrities. We've compiled their scores so you can see how these successful people performed back when they were in high school. We've also converted the SAT scores of famous people to the ACT scale so you get a sense of how their scores compare. Now if you ever run into Barack Obama, you'll have at least one conversation starter to fall back on... ACT Scores of Famous People We've gathered a complete list of celebrity ACT scores. These were often revealed in interviews or through investigative research. Some people were proud of their high scores, others proud of their low scores - and others couldn't care less. Here it is: Celebrity ACT Score College Attended Sonia Sotomayor 35 Princeton Matt Birk 34 Harvard Waka Flocka Flame 34 None Steve Jobs 32 Reed College Barack Obama 30 Columbia University Lyndon B. Johnson 26 Texas State University Marilyn Monroe 21 None William Faulkner 18 University of Mississippi *(Some of these scores may be unproven) Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you MUST be usingin your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. All these people took the ACT. But many other celebrities took the SAT, and we converted their SAT scores to ACT: Celebrity SAT Score ACT Conversion College Attended Paul Allen 1600 36 Washington State University Will Smith Rumored to be perfect 36 Ben Affleck Almost perfect 35-36 Occidental College, University of Vermont Bill Gates 1590 35 Harvard Ben Bernanke 1590 35 Harvard Bill O'Reilly 1585 35 Marist College Ryan Fitzpatrick 1580 35 Harvard James Woods 1579 35 MIT Ben Stein 1573 35 Columbia Ke$ha 1500 34 Scott McNealy 1420 32 Stanford Natalie Portman 1400+ 32-34 Harvard Al Gore 1355 30-31 Harvard Stephen King 1300s 30-31 University of Maine Meredith Vieira 1300s 30-31 Tufts University George W. Bush 1206 26-27 Yale Derek Jeter 1200 26 University of Michigan John Kerry 1190 26 Yale Courtney Cox 1150 25 Mount Vernon College Amy Tan 1100s 24-26 Linfield College, San Josà © State University Kobe Bryant 1080 23 Scarlett Johansson 1080 23 Bill Clinton 1032 22 Georgetown Peyton Manning 1030 22 University of Tennessee Alex Rodriguez 910 19 As you can see, these famous people's ACT scores are all over the board. You can of course achieve great things in life even with low ACT scores, and, vice versa, excellent ACT scores are just one step on the road to success. For most people in the world (like you and me), working hard in school, getting high grades, and going to a great college will set us up for huge opportunities. If your goal is to get into a good college, expand your mind, and open up more opportunities by working hard in school, then your ACT scores take on greater importance. So if a highly ranked college is in your sights, how can you join the ranks of Sonia Sotomayor, Matt Birk, and Waka Flocka Flame (a sentence that's probably never been uttered before)? Obama attended Punahou Schoolin Hawaii and scored a 30 on the ACT. How to Get Great Scores Doing well on the ACT is all about how well prepared you are. Below are some valuable strategies and resources you can use to perform your best on the ACT and add your name to the top of the list of celebrity ACT scores. Get Well Acquainted with the ACT Do you have a best friend or family member who you know everything about, from her dream travel destination to how she likes her eggs cooked? Well, it's time to make the ACT your new best friend. Learn everything you can about the test, including what its directions say, how many questions it asks in how much time, and what content it covers in each section. As long as your familiarize yourself with the ACT as best you can, there should be no surprises on test day. Instead, it will feel like you're sitting down with an old acquaintance - maybe one that's caused you some stress over the months, but one that you know like the back of your hand. Prep With a Plan The ACT covers a lot of ground. Without a specific approach, you could easily get overwhelmed by the breadth of material. Setting small, manageable goals will help you divide and conquer the content. Rather than focusing on the entire English section, for example, figure out the subskills and question types being asked within the section. Focus on just one or two of these question types at a time, and make sure you understand it fully before moving on. For more strategies on how to approach your test prep, check out our free E-Book: 5 Tips to Get You 4 Points or More. To Thine Own Self Be True Everyone has different experiences, learning styles, and abilities. Maybe you excel in math, but analyzing a work of fiction leaves you feeling lost. To prep for the ACT effectively, you need to reflect on your strengths and weaknesses and where you need to focus your energies the most. One way to root out your weaknesses is by answering ACT Questions of the Day. Check out this complete guide on how answering ACT QOTD can help you design your own customized study plan. Stock Up On Resources To truly conquer the content on the ACT, you need some extra resources to help you along the way.How long is the ACT, for example? How exactly is it scored? What tips can a full 36 scorer give you on how to achieve a perfect score? We have all these answers, plus lots of helpful advice, available to you, so be sure to fully pack your mental suitcase with all the provisions you'll need to sustain yourself on test day. What's Next? Before you start prepping, you probably want to define your goals: what exactly are your target scores? To help you figure out what you are aiming for, we explain what's a good ACT score, what's a bad score, and what's an excellent score - and what this means for your test prep. When do you plan to take the ACT? How many times are you taking it? We present the pros and cons of test dates and explain how smart scheduling can help you on test day. Want to score a perfect ACT score, or near it? Be like Bill Gates: read how to get a perfect ACT score, by our perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The mental impact of transitioning from working to retirement Research Proposal

The mental impact of transitioning from working to retirement - Research Proposal Example As this is a secondary research study, which is descriptive in nature, the method used in gathering data is a survey of related research studies and related literature using the internet and online libraries. Result of the online research proved inadequate of materials pertaining to research studies focused on the direct correlation of retirement to mental health. Nevertheless, available related studies and literature proved sufficient enough to proceed with the research. Three hypothesized results are determined. These essentially revolve on the following areas of concern: (1) the consistent inconsistency of the mental impact of retirement, (2) the specific state of the retiree, and (3) the correlation of retirement on mental health. The implication of the study shows the need for further research, specifically a focused research on the mental impact of retirement in related line of works and a focussed-research on the impact of retirement on the specific areas of mental health. Ano ther implication is the need for a personalized retirement plan to turn the challenges of retirement into an opportunity rather than a crisis. This calls for the professional intervention of health-care providers. Literature Review With old age normally comes the decline in physical and functional ability (Davies, 1998, p. 7) and inevitably in mental health – of which against diverse yet limited definition of the term, MacDonald (2006) comprehensively denoted to cognitive, emotional and social well-being. The correlation of mental health with age has been proven by various researches. For example, Gottlieb (1995) confirmed that as one reaches old age, cognitive capacity generally declines which Siegler et al. (1996) noted most in ‘information processing, selective attention, and problem-solving ability’. (cited in, Goldman, Rye & Sirovatka, 1999, p. 337) Increased in cognitive impairment is also observed in older people (National Statistics – Great Britain , 2003, p. 3). However, the individual’s lifestyle, psychosocial state (Gottlieb, 1995, cited in, Goldman, et al. 1999, p. 337), level of education, and income level (National Statistics – Great Britain, 2003, p. 3) spell the difference between individuals. On the other hand, Suthers, Saito, and Crimmins (2003) stated that as one reaches old age challenges to emotional well-being are in all likelihood multiply, such as the loss of love ones, decline in health, worsening physical infirmity, or change in social roles (p. 41). In fact, Romsa, Bondy, and Blenman (1985) observed that, â€Å"Generally, retired individuals have stronger needs for love and association with others than do people at other points in the life span† (cited in Nussbaum, 2000, p. 129). While McMurdo (1998) in showing the benefits of exercise across ages noted that physical inactivity in adults – ‘30% of adults in US are woefully inactive’ – will further isolation in old age, as the lack of physical exercise may hasten physical dependency which could be limiting and detrimental to social life (p. 101), as the loss of social relationship may result to loneliness and depression (Baroff & Olley, 1999, p. 355). Cameron and Persinger’s (1983) study found that â€Å"the death rate increases after retirement only for those people who

Drug Use Among African-American Adolescent Females Essay

Drug Use Among African-American Adolescent Females - Essay Example In addition, substance use and abuse leads to poorer performance in school, premature dropping out, legal complications, and poor employment opportunities. These are precisely the problems that a young African-American female is ill equipped to confront in a world where race and gender may already place them at a disadvantage. African-American adolescent females have made great strides in confronting drug abuse, yet there are still several risk factors that they are routinely exposed to. Substance abuse has been identified as the nation's number one health problem. It is critical to address the problem of teenage drug use as most users begin using AOD before they turn 15 years old (Lewis et al., 2002, p.15). For the purposes of this paper, an adolescent is a person attending school in grades 13 through 18 years old. Reaching and intervening into this age bracket is one of the keys to the success of stemming the tide of drug addiction. It is decidedly relevant to understand the scope of the problem as well as the triggers and stressors that may lead a young black female to use drugs or relapse after a treatment program. The economical cost to society makes it financially imperative to intervene at a young age. An untreated drug problem costs society almost four times as much as would be spent on a residential treatment program (Lewis et al., 2002, p.56). There is also a great personal cost attached to the abuser of AOD. Physical health suffers not only from the drugs , but also from poor eating habits and the stress involved with the stigma of drug use. The legal status of teen use of drugs can destroy a young girl's life by disrupting the educational process and exposing them to other criminal activity. While substance abuse is a major threat to our public health, it is one that the nation cannot afford to ignore. Stressors that raise the risk of drug use are often not gender or race specific, though there are some notable exceptions. In general, females in their teen years tend to use slightly fewer drugs than their male counterparts. Nearly 50 percent of men and women have tried an illegal drug by their senior year of high school, and alcohol is the most popular drug of choice followed by marijuana (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, and Schulenberg, 2007, p.115). However, marijuana is the drug that is most regularly used, with 1 percent of 8th graders smoking it daily, and 5 percent of 12th graders using the drug daily (Johnston et al., 2007, p.90). In contrast to the typical stereotyping of the media, African-American teens use fewer drug and less often than their Caucasian or Hispanic cohorts (Johnston et al., 2007, p.132-135). This misperception may be due to the strong correlation between poverty and drug use, and the over-representation of African-Americans in the nation's penal system. Howe ver, the statistics clearly indicate that adolescent African-American females are one of the lowest using demographic groups. There are several pressures that come to bear on young African-American women to begin using drugs. Having an opportunity beyond high school has a significant impact on a student's decision to postpone experimenting and using drugs. Marijuana use by 8th graders is 50 percent lower among the students who are planning on attending a 4-year college (Johnston, et al., 2007,

SSI Units

SSI Units I. Introduction INTRODUCTION TO SSI UNITS After gaining independence India in 1947, there was a felt need of economic prosperity and to revive the nation. Hence India focused on developing itself as a manufacturing base. The planners then took the decision of promoting the small scale industries. They were of the view that ssi can play a significant role in the economic progress of the country as it had huge potential in employment generation, which was the major problem faced during that period of time. Earlier the small scale sector was a sector involved in traditional labor with outdated machineries and inefficient techniques of production. But since then due to the coordinated efforts of the government and the commercial banks the position of SSI has improved. These efforts include * Reservation of items to be manufactured by the SSI * Credit marketing * Technology and entrepreneurship development * fiscal, financial and infrastructural support II. Small Scale Industries 2.1Small Scale and Ancillary Industries Small scale industrial units are those engaged in the manufacture, processing or preservation of goods and whose investment in plant and machinery (original cost) does not exceed Rs.1 crore. These would, inter alia, include units engaged in mining or quarrying, servicing and repairing of machinery. In the case of ancillary units, the investment in plant and machinery (original cost) should also not exceed Rs. 1 crore to be classified under small-scale industry. The investment limit of Rs. 1 crore for classification as SSI has been enhanced to Rs.5 crore in respect of certain specified items under hosiery, hand tools, drugs pharmaceuticals, stationery items and sports goods by the Government of India. 2.2. Tiny Enterprises The status of ‘Tiny Enterprises may be given to all small scale units whose investment in plant machinery is up to Rs. 25 lac, irrespective of the location of the unit. III. Small Scale Industries Financing Finance is the blood for any organization. It is that resource which provides the resources for other factors of production, hence its importance cannot be ignored. After the independence, the Government of India has built upon the network of institutions to provide financial assistance to the small scale industries. Since small scale industries need promotionary help from the government and government has other sectors to look upon for the overall development of the country and hence it has entrusted this duty upon the commercial banks. They have evolved various methods of financing and left the traditional methods far behind and evolved themselves into development banks. The importance of the SSI sector can be best explained by the census according to which this sector employees around 60 million persons. And if we talk in terms of value then this sector accounts for about 48% of manufacturing output and 42% of the total exports of the country. 3.1 Types of Industrial Finance: Depending upon the time period requirement of funds the financing can be classified into the following three types: 1) Short term financing: this refers to those funds which are required by the entrepreneurs for short term ie. For a period ranging less than one year. The motive of such funding is to meet the working capital requirements of the enterprise. 2) Medium term financing: this refers to those funds which are required by entrepreneurs for a period ranging from one to five years. This type is needed to fund the permanent working capital requirements, small expansions, replacements, and modifications etc. these funds can be raised through the following resources: Issue of debentures Issue of shares Borrowing from banks and other financial institutions Ploughing back of profits ie the retained earnings 3) Long term financing: it refers to that financing which is extended for a period ranging for more than 5 years. Such funds are required by entrepreneurs for the purpose of investing into fixed assets, for expansion purpose, for bringing about modernization in the enterprise and introduction of new technology. 3.2 Means of finance: Credit Flow The main source of input to the sustained growth of small scale sector industries is CREDIT. Credit has already been classified into short term, long term and medium term on the basis of requirement of the enterprise. The institutional arrangement for providing the capital requirement of the SSI is as follows: SSI are provided the working capital by the commercial banks and in some case this initiative is taken up by cooperative banks and regional rural banks. In case of term loans the provision is made by the state financial corporations, small industries development corporations, national small industries corporation and NABARD. Financial assistance to SSI by NSIC is also made in the form of supply of machinery on hire purchase basis. Even tiny units are able to get loans from commercial banks along with working capital in the form of composite loans. Refinancing facilities to the above institutions are provide by Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI) Term loans on long term basis are provided to the small scale units by SFCs mainly through Single window Scheme and National equity fund. Under single window scheme also the SFC provide some part of working capital for pre operative expenses. 3.2.1 Credit to SSI Sector from Public Sector Banks The table below gives the positions with regard to flow of credit to SSI Sector:- At the end of March 2005 At the end of March 2006 At the end of March 2007 At the end of March 2008 At the end of March 2009 Net Bank Credit 1,69,038 1,84,381 1,89,684, 2,18,219 2,46,203 Credit to SSI 25,843 29,485 31,542 38,109 42,674 No. of SSI Accounts (in lakhs) 32.25 33.77 N.A. 29.64 N.A. SSI Credit as percentage of Net Bank Credit 15.29 15.99 16.6 17.5 17.33 There is a marginal decline in share of credit to SSI sector as a percentage of net bank credit. 3.2.2 Credit to Tiny Sector The Table below gives the status of credit flow to tiny sector since 1995:- At the end of March 1995 At the end of March 1996 At the end of March 1997 At the end of March 1998 Net Credit to Tiny Sector 7734 8183 9515 10273.13 Tiny credit as percentage of net SSI credit 29.93 27.76 30.2 27.0 The advances outstanding against Tiny sector increased from Rs.9515 crores at the end of March, 1997 to Rs. 10273 crores at the end of March, 1998. The share of tiny sector in the advances to SSI sector has, however, decreased from 30.2% at the end of March 1997 to 27.0% at the end of March, 1998. As per RBI guidelines, 40% priority sector lending going to SSI has to go to tiny units with investment in plant and machinery below Rs. 5 lakhs and another 20% to tiny units with investment in plant and machinery between Rs. 5 lakhs and Rs. 25 lakhs. Thus, against the target of 60% of SSI credit for tiny units, actual flow at 27% is very low. 3.2.4 Steps taken by Reserve Bank of India to improve credit flow to SSI sector a) Investment limit has been enhanced from Rs.60 lakhs to Rs.300 lakhs and for tiny units from Rs.5 lakhs to Rs.25 lakhs. As per the RBI guidelines the funds normally available to SSI sector, 40% be given to units with investment in plant and machinery up to Rs. 5 lakhs; 20% for units with investment between Rs. 5 lakhs to Rs.25 lakhs and remaining 40% for other units. b) to expand the extent of Single Window Scheme of SIDBI to all districts to meet the term loan working capital financial requirements of SSIs. c) With a view to manage the cost of credit to SSI units, banks are advised to grant loans to only those SSI units with a good track record. 3.2.5 Monitoring Credit to SSIs is subject to regular monitoring by Reserve Bank of India, Department of SSI ARI, National Advisory Committee of SIDBI, State Level Bankers Committee and District Level Coordination Committees of the Bank. 3.2.6 Fresh initiatives announced in the Budget of 2008-2009 In this budget speech the Finance Minister has announced the following measures for improving credit supply to SSI sector a) A new credit insurance scheme launched. The problem of inadequate provision of security to banks and the rate of low recovery are recognized as the constraints of flow of credit to SSI units.the problem is more complex in case of tiny sector units and export oriented units. And the above scheme is launched in the purview of this problem for the help of SSI units. b) Composite Loan Scheme Limit Enhanced to Rs. 5 Lakhs Another provision made in the budget is that the composite loan scheme of SIDBI and commercial banks designed to solve operational difficulties of the small borrowers by presiding term loan and working capital through a single window. The limit for composite loans has been enhanced from Rs. 2 lakhs to Rs. 5 lakhs. c) Working Capital Limit Enhanced to Rs. 5 Crores In the case of SSi units, the need for working capital is determined on the basis of 20% of the annual turnover. There is a provision in the banks to enhance this limit from 4 crore to 5 crore. d) Credit Delivery to Tiny Sector To increase the outreach of banks to the tiny sector, leading by banks to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) or other financial intermediaries for purposes of on-lending to the tiny sector is being included within the definition of priority sector for bank lending. 3.2.7 High level committee for credit (Kapur committee) Inorder to boost the financing activity of the SSI RBI appointed one man committee to improve the delivery system and simplify the procedures for the credit availability for the SSI. The Committee has submitted its report to RBI on 30th June, 1998. Some of the major recommendations of the Committee are:- i) Special treatment to smaller among small industries ii) Enhancement in the quantum of composite loans iii) Removal of procedural difficulties in the path of SSI advances iv) Sorting out issues relating to mortgages of land including removal of stamp duty and permitting equitable mortgages v) Allowing access to low-cost funds to Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) for refinancing SSI loans vi) Non-obtaining of collaterals for loans up to Rs.2 lakhs; vii) Setting up of a collateral reserve fund to provide support to first party guarantees; viii) Setting up of a Small Industries Infrastructure Development Fund for developing industrial areas in/around metropolitan and urban areas; ix) Change in the definition of sick SSI units; x) Giving statutory powers to State Level Inter-Institutional (SLIIC); xi) Setting up of a separate guarantee organisation and opening of 1,000 additional specialised branches; and xii)Enhancement of SIDBIs role and status to match with that of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Kapur Committee has made 126 recommendations out of which RBI has already accepted 40 recommendations for implementation. 3.3 Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) SIDBI was set up by an Act of Parliament, as an apex institution for promotion, financing and development of industries in small scale sector and for coordinating the functions of other institutions engaged in similar activities. It commenced operations on April 2, 1990. SIDBI extends direct/indirect financial assistance to SSIs, assisting the entire spectrum of small and tiny sector industries on All India basis. The range of assistance comprising financing, extension support and promotional, are made available through appropriate schemes of direct and indirect assistance for the following purposes:- } direct credit to the SME(small medium enterprises) . } support to micro-finance institutions for capacity building and on lending . } provides financial support to the sick / small scale industries. } Principal Financial institution engaged in development initiative in rural sector and improving the SSI unit. } Also encouraging SSIS and generating employment in rural India. The Bank also performing the rehabilitation duty and improving the performance of small Industries. VARIOUS SCHEMES FOR FINANCING OF SSI 3.3.1 Direct Assistance Schemes SIDBI directly assists SSIs under the following scheme: Project Finance Scheme Equipment Finance Scheme Marketing Scheme Vendor Development Scheme Infrastructural Development Scheme Technology Development Modernisation Fund Venture Capital Scheme These schemes aim at solving the key issues in SSI ie., the problems of high tech project, marketing, infrastructure development, quality improvement, export financing and venture capital assistance. 3.3.2 Indirect Assistance Schemes Under its indirect schemes, SIDBI extends refinancing facility of loans to small scale sector by SFCs, SIDCs and Banks. Till now refinance is extended to 896 PLIs and these PLIs have their network extended to more than 67000 branches with the help of which they provide financing to these SSI. 3.3.3 Promotional and Development Activities SIDBI is also into providing other assistance to the SSI for its development besides limiting itself to the provision of simple financing. It involves itself in Entrepreneurship development programmmes, modernization programmes and micro credit schemes inorder to bring about economic empowerment of women specially in the rural areas by providing them opportunities of training and development. A.Refinance against term loans in respect of projects/activities eligible for assistance under the Scheme Interest on term loans for fixed asets and working capital advances (excluding interest tax) (% p.a.) Interest on Refinance (% p.a.) (i)Upto and inclusive of Rs. 25,000 12.0 9.0 (ii) Over Rs. 25,000 and upto Rs. 2 lakh Not exceeding 13.5 10.5 B.Refinance against term loans (Applicable to all eligible institutions) (except RRBs) Interest on term loans (excluding interest tax) (% p.a.) Interest on Refinance (% p.a.) (i) Upto and inclusive of Rs. 25,000 12.0 9.0 (ii) Over Rs. 25,000 and up to Rs. 2 lakh Not exceeding 13.5 10.5 (iii) Over Rs. 2 lakh Not exceeding 14.0* 12.0 4.3.4 Performance SIDBIs efforts have resulted in increased flow of credit to SSI sector since inception as indicated below: Year Sanction Disbursement 2000-01 2412 1819 2001-02 2847 2038 2002-03 2909 2146 2003-04 3357 2672 2004-05 4706 3390 2005-06 6266 4801 2006-07 6485 4588 2007-08 7481 5243 SIDBIs assistance to: (i) Tiny Units about 89.2% of the total no. of projects under Refinance Scheme during the period of 2006-07 were tiny, receiving an assistance upto Rs. 5 lakh . The total sanctions for such projects accounted for 39.6% as against 36% of the total amount of sanctions in previous year. (ii) Women entrepreneurs under various schemes available for financing of SSI the total assistance amounting to Rs. 19.07 crores was given to 1067 women entrepreneurs during 2006-07. (iii) Backward areas during 2006-07, the projects originating from backward areas for which the need for financing was felt, received an assistance to the level of Rs. 778 crores of the total sanction which accounted for 33% of total assistance under Refinance Scheme of SIDBI. 3.3.6 Main Schemes of SIDBI A brief summary of the Schemes available with SIDBI. More details are available under the Section Policies Schemes. National Equity Fund Scheme providing support to those entrepreneurs which are into setting up of projects in tiny sector. Technology Development Modernisation Fund Scheme this scheme aims for providing financial assistance to existing SSI units for matters relating to technology upgradation/modernisation. Single Window Scheme aims to provide both term loan as well as working capital loans to the small scale units through the same agency. Composite Loan Scheme this aims at providing loans for equipment and/or working capital and also for worksheds to artisans, village and cottage industries in Tiny Sector. Mahila Udyam Nidhi (MUN) Scheme this scheme aims to promote women as entrepreneurs by providing equity support to them for setting up projects in Tiny Sector. Scheme for financing activities: the need is even felt for the assistance in the field of marketing the products produced by the SSI and these include marketing research, RD, product upgradation, participation in trade fairs and exhibitions, advertising branding, establishing distribution networks etc. Equipment Finance Scheme this scheme is available inorder to help SSI with ease in using the hi-tech machinery and equipment for facilitating quality production. Venture Capital Scheme this is a provision made to encourage SSI ventures to acquire capital equipment,for building up of export capabilities/import substitution including cost of total quality management and acquisition of ISO-9000 certification and for expansion of capacity. Major schemes Technology Development Modernisation Fund SIDBI has set up Technology Development Modernisation Fund (TDMF) scheme for the assistance os small scale sector units so as to enable them to modernize their production techniques with the help new and improved technology so that their products can stand the foreign competition and the quality of their products can be enhanced. This would also help them to reduce their cost of production and removal of the inefficiencies in the production techniques. Assistance is available for meeting the expenses on purchase of capital equipments, acquiring of technical know-how, upgrading of process technology. The Coverage of the TDMF scheme has been enlarged w.e.f. 1.9.1997. Non-exporting units and units which are graduating out of SSI sector are now eligible to avail assistance under this scheme. National Equity Fund National Equity Fund (NEF) under Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) provides equity type assistance to SSI units, tiny units at one per cent service charges. The scope of this scheme was widened in 1998-99 to cover all areas excepting Metropolitan areas, raising the limit of loan from Rs. 1.6 lakhs to Rs. 2.6 lakhs and covering both existing as well as new units: (a) The following are eligible for assistance under the scheme:- i. New projects in tiny and small scale sectors for manufacture, preservation or processing of goods irrespective of the location (except for the units in Metropolitan areas). ii. Existing tiny and small scale industrial units and service enterprises as mentioned above (including those which have availed of NEF assistance earlier), undertaking expansion, modernisation, technology upgradation and diversification irrespective of location (except in Metropolitan areas). iii. Sick units in the tiny and small scale sectors including service enterprises as mentioned above, which are considered potentially viable, irrespective of the location of the units (except for the units in Metropolitan areas). iv. All industrial activities and service activities (except Road Transport Operators). (b) Project cost (including margin money for working capital) should not exceed Rs. 10 lakhs in the case of new projects in the case of existing units and service enterprises, the outlay on expansion/modernisation/technology upgradation or diversification or rehabilitation should not exceed Rs. 10 lakh per project. (c) There is no change in the existing level of promoters contribution at 10% of the project cost. However, the ceiling on soft loan assistance under the Scheme has been enhanced from the present level of 15% lakh per project to 25% of the project cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.5 lakh per project. 3.4 State Financial Corporations (SFCs) SFCs were set up mainly to finance small and medium scale units. The area of operation of SFCs is generally limited to the States. SFCs also actively participate in assisting small scale units thereby helping them to modernize and upgrade the technology by making provision for term loans and soft loans and also restructuring the sick small scale units through rehabilitation and revival schemes through equity assistance under SIDBI seed capital scheme. At present, there are 18 SFCs (including TIIC which was set up as a company) in existence for more than 40 years and operate as Regional Development Banks. The SFCs have played an important role in the evolution and growth of small and medium scale industries in their respective states. They provide financial assistance to industrial units by way of term loans, direct subscription to equity, guarantees, etc. Over the years SFCs have expanded their activities and coverage of assistance. 3.5 National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) 3.5.1 Bill Financing Bills drawn by small scale units for the supplies made to the reputed and well established enterprises and duly accepted by them will be financed / discounted by NSIC for a maximum period of 90 days. 3.5.2 Working Capital Finance working capital financing of sound and well managed units, will be done on selective basis in case of requirements emerging, to enable them to make payments for their purchases of consumable stores and spares and production related expenses particularly electricity bills, statutory dues, etc. 3.5.3 Export Development Finance Finance for export development to export oriented units for meeting their emergent requirements. Pre and post shipment finance shall also be provided to such units at usual terms conditions. 3.5.4 Equipment Leasing Scheme The object of the Leasing Scheme is to assist SSI Units to procure industrial equipment for modernisation, expansion and diversification of their industries. ELIGIBILITY Exclusively for existing financially viable SSI units including ancillary units, duly registered as SSI units with the Directorate of Industries. BENEFITS Ø 100% financing at very liberal terms with easy repayment schedule. Ø Simple formalities and speedy sanction. Ø Single window system for imported equipment. The Corporation undertakes to complete formalities like procuring import licence, opening of Letter of Credit etc. Ø Tax rebate on full 5 year lease rental. VI. Review of some of the articles studied under the purview of the study 1) ISSUES IN SSI FINANCING SOURCE: The Hindu Newspaper editorial dated 5 Dec 2006 ANALYSIS: the article argues that the provisions of the credit policy relating to the advances to the NBFC for on lending to SSI would be treated as priority sector. but financing of small units, especially those in manufacturing, is hardly an attractive proposition for NBFCs. Over the past few years, the concept of priority sector lending, implying a preferential access to bank funds that small entrepreneurs and other less privileged categories enjoyed , has been diluted by including in this category bank lending for individual housing, lending to State Finance Corporations (SFCs) and advances to NBFCs for financing small transport operators. This has helped banks fulfill their priority sector obligation without having to oblige the thousands of needy individual entrepreneurs. Some of the deemed priority sector advances are in any case made by NBFCs or SFCs from public deposits and other resources that they command and deemed credit is thus unlikely to result in substantial additional financing of SSIs. 2) SIDBI PLANS Rs 250 CRORE MICRO FINANCING (SOURCE: Business Line newspaper dated 7 th sep 2004) ANALYSIS: as per the articles besides direct lending SIDBI is into provision of refinancing to the SFC for lending to SSI. It has been into lending to SSI or large corporate who buy goods from SSI including: BHEL, Escorts, Bajaj electrical etc the SME Fund has been operational since April 1. SIDBI aims to disburse Rs 10,000 crore in the next two years, which would include refinance. During the last four months, they have already disbursed Rs 605 crore mainly to SSI sector. 3) SSI SHARE IN BANK CREDIT FALLING (SOURCE: Business Line dated 25 aug, 2007) ANALYSIS: according to this article the credit flow towards the small scale units have declined in the past few decades. This fact can be supported by the figure that the level of financing was 16.2% in 1991 and till 2006 it declined to 8.5%. Total financing of the priority sector has declined accounting for the total disbursements by the scheduled commercial banks was 14,45,847 crore. Out of this only 6.24% was made available to the SSI. VII. Financing Norms: FOR LENDERS 1. The all India financial institutions stipulate a promoters contribution norm of 20% of the total project cost for industrial estates set up in notified less developed area and a 22.5% norm in other cases. In the case of estates costing less than Rs. 300 lakhs, the following margin money have been stipulated by IDBI to make them eligible for financing: * 15% margin for estates set up by technician entrepreneurs or unemployed engineers where the sheds are to be acquired by them on hire basis. * 20 to 30% margin for co-operative estates where the sheds are entirely by small scale units. * 30 to 35% margin for estates set up by joint stock companies whose shareholders occupies majority of the sheds. * 40 to 50% margin for estates set up by proprietary and partnership concerns. I. SFC/ SIDC should maintain separate and distinct accounts of fresh disbursements made to SSI units and outstanding amounts there against. II. Periodical statements to be obtained from SFC/ SIDC to monitor the position. III. Annually, a certificate issued by SFC/ SIDC statutory auditors certifying that the outstanding borrowings from banks were fully covered by the non-overdue loans outstanding in respect of fresh disbursements made to SSI units from out of term finance/ lines of credit granted by banks. IV. The rate of interest to be charged by banks on such term finance/ loans/ lines of credit will be in conformity with the directives on interest rates issued by the Reserve Bank from time to time. * In order to ensure adequate credit to this sector, the credit requirements of village industries and other SSI units having aggregate fund-based working capital limits upto Rs. 5 crores from the banking system, will be computed on the basis of a minimum of 20 percent of their projected annual turnover for new as well as existing units. VII. Analysis of growth of SSIs During Budget 2008-2009 1. The proposal that has been cornering much interest of industry players is minimum alternate tax (MAT), which has now been levied on technology companies. Though all technology firms have been brought under the ambit of MAT, the impact will not be much for big IT firms. 2. The Budget doesnt allow pass-through status to VC start-ups in sunrise sectors of BPO, media, advertising, financial services and mobile value added services. 3. Another budgetary reform that could also prove to be a thorn in the path for the SMEs is the 12.5% service tax on leased premises. President of Nasscom, Kiran Karnik, calls the increase as â€Å"unjust†. â€Å"It is usually the small guy who leases property. The big companies own their land,† 4. FM has proposed to exempt from service tax all services provided by technology business incubators. In turn, their incubatees whose annual turnover does not exceed Rs 50 lakh will be exempt from service tax for the first three years. How it affects SSIs 1. It was presented against a backdrop of high expectations with the economy having moved into the high growth trajectory of 8.5 per cent, supported by a strong growth in services and industry sector. 2. Yet many observers believe that big-ticket reform in Budget 2007-08 have not been taken on the way they should have and tax changes have left most quarters wanting, as substantial giveaways had been anticipated. 3. Small players felt serious impact on their net profits as now they would also have to shell out 11.33 percent MAT in addition to the 12 percent tax which they already pay. Also the small-sized BPO players suffered due to this levy. 4. The IT industry is happy with the proposal to grant pass-through status to VCFs investing in biotechnology and IT companies. But removal of this pass-through status for other areas such as mobile VAS and BPO had a negative impact. Targets under priority sector lending There are no targets set by domestic banks (both public sector and private sector banks) and foreign banks for lending to SSIs. as given in data below The targets and sub-targets set under priority sector lending for domestic and foreign banks operating in India are furnished below: Domestic banks (both public sector and private sector banks) Foreign banks operating in India Total Priority Sector advances 40 percent of NBC 32 percent of NBC Total agricultural advances 18 percent of NBC No target SSI advances No target 10 percent of NBC Export credit Export credit does not form part of priority sector