An Examination Of Post Event Information ( Pei ) - 1545 Words

Another form of Post-event information (PEI) is conformity, in the event that an individual witnesses a crime committed there is always the potential that there are co-witnesses that also witnessed the crime, while an increase in witnesses may hold some positives there is the potential for conformity. Conformity takes place when one witnesses’ memories of a past event become more like another person’s described memories of the same event (Kieckhaefer, J.M. Wright, D.B., 2015, pg. 462). Co-witnesses often alter their memory reports to coincide with other witnesses’ reports (Goodwin K.A. et al., 2013, pg. 91). If a co-witness is a friend or family then an individual is even more likely to conform to their views than they would be if the co-witness was a stranger. Kieckhaefer and Wright also found evidence that another factor that increases a witnesses memory conformity is if the co-witness is likable(Kieckhaefer, J.M. Wright, D.B., 2015, pg. 463). There have been multiple studies conducted where researchers use confederates, research helpers used to feed unknowing participants information, to determine whether or not participants will conform to the confederate’s reports (Goodwin, K.A. et al., 2013, pg. 91). Furthermore, witnesses are more likely to alter their views when they are motivated to avoid deviating from the group. Therefore, if a group of other individuals pressure a witness they are likely to alter their experience to fit with others (Goodwin, K.A. et al.,Show MoreRelatedEyewitness Testimony : An Important Area Of Research2072 Words   |  9 Pagesepisodic memories are memories of past events that are situated in a specific time and place (Thorley, 2013). Furthermore, having participant’s study and recollect stimuli such as word lists, stories, and mock crimes can help assess episodic memory. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is an important area of research in cognitive psychology and human memory. Juries tend to pay close attention to eyewitness testimony and generally find it a reliable source of information (Simply Psychology, 2009). HoweverRead MoreThe Influence of Lifestyle and Money Attitude on Purchase Decisions: the Moderating Effect of Marketing Stimulation and Personal Value11754 Words   |  48 PagesRESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUE 2, VOLUME 2 (APRIL 2012) ISSN: 2249-9954 1. Introduction Following the changes that take place over time, people’s materialistic demands and desire for materialistic enjoyment have increased continuously in our modern information and technologically advanced era. Lifestyle has become an important variable in the drawing up of marketing strategies. Each product has a different intended market and, hence, differentiation through market segmentation is necessary in order toRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 PagesCHAPTER 1 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.1 The value of information is the difference between the benefits realized from using that information and the costs of producing it. Would you, or any organization, ever produce information if its expected costs exceeded its benefits? If so, provide some examples. If not, why not? Most organizations produce information only if its value exceeds its cost. However, there are two situationsRead MoreSucess Factors in Merger and Acquisition38351 Words   |  154 PagesSà ¶derholm and Professor Ralf Mà ¼ller for their initial guidance by commenting on our research proposal and providing us with some industry contacts. We would like to thank all interviewees and respondents who contributed their valuable time and useful information to this study. Last but not least, our classmates are entitled a ‘thank you’ for challenging our research study and providing us with valuable suggestions. Umeà ¥, January 2008. ABSTRACT Mergers and acquisitions (MA) in the corporate world

Essay about Active Euthanasia is Murder - 2447 Words

Euthanasia is not about the right to die. Its about the right to kill.-International Anti-Euthanasia Task Force It seems impossible for me to claim I am anti-euthanasia or pro-euthanasia because there are two ways of participating in the process...active or passive. After researching the topic, I have concluded that I cannot support active euthanasia because it seems to follow the same principle as homicide...one person killing another. I do not believe it is anyones right to decide when, or how, a persons life should end. On the other hand, I cannot say I am totally against suicide or passive euthanasia. Although I do not condone suicide, I respect a persons right to decide between his personal life and death. As far as†¦show more content†¦The controversy surrounding euthanasia has been around for decades. Euthanasia was legalized in Germany more than 50 years ago, decriminalized in Holland about 20 years ago and in Canada, it has been the subject of repeated discussi ons, including Bills introduced to Parliament, Civil and Criminal Court cases, Law Reform Commission Reports, and Medical Association resolutions. According to the University of Alberta Developmental Disabilities Centre, each of these discussions has concluded that the dangers of permitting the willful destruction of human life by another human being far outweighs any benefits gained by legalization (Sobsey). Also, in November 1991, Washington State voted on a proposal to legalize physician aid-in-dying --to include both assisted suicide and euthanasia. The plan failed with 54 percent of the public voting against it. This statistic shows that a majority of people feel that euthanasia is morally wrong and do not feel comfortable condoning such activity (When). For years, advocates such as Kevorkian have directed the glory of euthanasia towards people who are living uncomfortably due to problems such as depression, mental instability, or terminal illnesses. These advocates argue that suffering patientsShow MoreRelatedEuthanasi The Treatment Of Euthanasia846 Words   |  4 Pagesall forms of Euthanasia, whether passive or active, is a great way to aid and relieve patients with terminal or life threatening illnesses which makes their life unbearable and unliveable. Euthanasia in general is a steady process of ‘assisted suicide’ that aids the patient in ending one’s life with their consent or the consent of their close family member. Active Euthanasia is when death is intentionally accelerated, for example by the injection of a lethal drug; while Passive Euthanasia is the withdrawalRead MoreActive Euthanasia Is Never Morally Justified1545 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis on The Argument That Active Euthanasia is Never Morally Justified Death has always been a controversial topic throughout the world. There are many theories as to where we go and what the meaning of life truly is. How one dies is important in today’s society, especially when it comes to the idea of suicide. Active euthanasia, also referred to as assisted suicide, is the intentional act of causing the death of a patient experiencing great suffering. It is illegal in some places, like FranceRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 Pagesin pain too just like you are in pain. What would you do? Euthanasia is and act where a person assist the death of other person and relieves him/her from pain. It is also called as mercy killing. It is controversial because, some may thing it is immoral and some may think it is against their religious values. But, the fact is, the person who suffers with pain knows the pain better than anybody. It is the person’s decision to make. Euthanasia should be legalized with the involvements of legal documentsRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not An Acceptable Form Of Euthanasia1556 Words   |  7 Pageskilling of patients by physicians, whether called â€Å"active euthanasia† or simply â€Å"euthanasia,† is a topic of long-standing controversy† (Mappes, Zembaty, and DeGrazia 59). â€Å"Although active euthanasia is presently illegal in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, proposals for its legalization have been recurrently advanced. Most commonly, these proposals call for the legalization of active euthanasia. There are some who consider active euthanasia in any form intrinsically immoral and, for thisRead More Euthanasia Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesWhen a person commits an act of euthanasia, he/she brings about the death of another person because he/she believes that the latter’s present existence is so bad that he/she would be better off dead. The word euthanasia originated from the Greek language: eu means â€Å"good† and thanat os means â€Å"death†. The meaning of euthanasia is â€Å"the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies† (Religious Tolerance). However, euthanasia has many different meanings, whichRead MoreMercy Killing1489 Words   |  6 PagesMercy Killing or Just Plain Killing: The Euthanasia Debate For as long as people have been around, we have been dying. While this very well may seem to be pointing out the obvious, so many of us forget that we, as humans, are mortal beings. Our life span is definitely finite, and it should be. Just think what would happen if nobody ever died. Even though we are mortal, we try to hang onto our lives as long as we can. Fear of death and wanting to live forever are, after all, part of humanRead MoreThe Important Role Of Intentions And Outcomes1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Important Role of Intentions and Outcomes in Euthanasia â€Å"I don’t want to die, I’m not suicidal; I just simply cannot go on living this way anymore.† As a hospice volunteer I have seen every psychological stage of the dying. It’s hard to watch someone go through the emotional rollercoaster that accompanies the knowledge of imminent death. Mary was one of my residents for over 6 months, when she first arrived at the inpatient unit it seemed as if she had nothing wrong with her. In theRead More Euthanasia Essay: Mercy Killing or Murder?1333 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia: Mercy Killing or Murder?      Ã‚   We, as humans, are mortal beings.   Our life span is finite.   Even though we are mortal, we try to hang onto our lives as long as we can; fear of death and wanting to live forever are, after all, part of human nature.   Sometimes, however, the field of medicine capitalizes on this aspect of humanity. While it is certainly true that one goal of medicine has always been to prolong life, another goal has been the alleviation of pain and suffering.   One pointRead MoreVoluntary Active Euthanasia Should Be Legalized924 Words   |  4 PagesVoluntary active euthanasia should be legalized in the state of Colorado. Euthanasia is argued to be defined as depriving of life or causing the death of a living being. A primary and controversial component to euthanasia is the idea that the physicians are acting in â€Å"God† like form. Christians are thought to believe that â€Å"thou shall not kill.† Christians believe that all human beings have been in created in God’s image and should be cherished in all circumstances. However, according to the articleRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1635 Words   |  7 Pagesand with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide or active, voluntary euthanasia for an adult who is in a rational state of mind and whose suffering happens to be unbearable despite the strongest medical efforts, is an idea that should to be put into action. Euthanasia ought to be put into action to save a patient from experiencing needless pain and suffering; patients should be provided with the alternative of a peaceful and painless way out. Euthanasia is  the intentional killing of a dependent human

Improving Cloud Network Security †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Improving Cloud Network Security. Answer: Introduction In recent time, most of the business organisations are using the internet to provide service for customers. In addition, in order to make a commercial transaction, the organisations are taking help of internet. However, there have been various instances of theft of data and malware attacks are seen. Publishing confidential details are observed on the internet. In this regard, network security is now very serious issue for most of the organisations that are using internet application. In addition, the aim of the report is to explore options for business organisation named Software Spike to expand in the next five years in the branches of network security to Australian premises and also on the global scenario. This report will shed light on the opportunities and issues in network security business of that organisation. This report will highlight the solutions of the issues in ICT business and propose practical solutions to overcome the risks identified. Moreover, in first part of the r eport, concept of network security in business will be described with importance of it. In the following part, three network security applications will be narrated with organizational; examples. Additionally, this information of the report has been taken from primary and secondary sources from various books, journals, websites and case studies of various network security applications with interviewing some experts in this field. Software Spike was established in the year 2013 in Melbourne and the founder of the organisation was Luke Clarke. Currently, the organisation has 85 employees who are skilled in software development. The organisation undertakes various projects to develop multiple applications customise off-the shelf services and in-house services. Software Spike has clients from all the major cities in Australia. The major clients of the organisations are small to medium sized organisations. The organisation is specialised in developing and customising network security area. The organisation is trying to diversify business project in information and network security to the organisations with online presence. Software Spike wants to help other organisations in managing online database and security. Concept of network security in business Network security is related to the authorisation in accessing data through a network and that network is controlled by an administer. Network security includes policies practices adopted by an organisation to prevent the data theft, misuse, access and modification of network (Manshaei et al. 2013). Network security to business means better business with less insecurity. All the business which is related to the internet must secure internet security option. However, in order to change a network security is challenging as it deals with the ongoing dialogue. Information can be defined as an engine of an organisation that is global or small. In case of global scenario, International Standard ISO 17799 is a standard framework being taken by a third party or any business partners in making secure of security credentials (Ahmed Hossain, 2014). Most of the organisations are trying to be effective in data security as these are driven mostly by results, not by activity. Secondly, information security brings credibility to the management through teaching them about risks based on the security investment. In this regard, the organisation should prepare against threat of business harm and take long-term effective measure. Network security includes many spheres like anti-virus, web protection, anti spyware, e-mail security and recovery with back up. The hackers can hack any of the pieces and steal information from this. Most of the companies that have online platform must focus on acceptable level of security with right network security tools. These create chances to get infected of the security system. Network security gets benefits of keeping sensitive information with the system and manages personal information (Hashizume et al. 2013). Network security can increase profit as sluggish system leads to action. The system gets stable and threat of data theft leads to null. The employees of the organisation in business may use recreational visit in other websites and data can be lost or chances of attack of malware can happen. Network security can promote browsing safe. Most importantly, the client gets confident about use of products of software developers. Network security application Cybercrime is getting worst day-by-day and organisations want prevention through using the network security applications. These can reduce the threat of information loss, and data theft. When an employee leaves the organisation and goes to competitors, it enables a chance to leak of data. Security is needed in terms of vulnerability, endpoint management, SIEM, cloud security and mobile security. This application is used for email-security of an organisation. Mimecast works as cloud-based e-mail management of an organisation. Organisations need to add the e-mail application to the cloud-based management of Mimecast application for Microsoft Express (Mimecast.com, 2017). This application gives the better chance to stores email, archiving the emails, security and continuity. This application can unify the fragmented e-mail into a holistic solution. This system is available in the cloud. In addition, Mimecast application reduces the risk and minimises the cost of solving the complexity. The organisations can have end-to-end control in doing email. Business runs through e-mails and it is observed that most of the cyber attacks come from email phishing (almost 91%) (Ahmed Hossain, 2014). This application uses parallel grid system to store the emails and processes the e-mails that come daily in the organisation system network; the application has geographically dispersed settled data-centres. The agent provides the email routing system through users email location. The users of the application get spam protection, DHA protection and malware freedom. This is related to the prevention of data loss, document conversion, large attachment, email branding and metadata management. The Mimecast application protects the users from malicious content through URL scanning. Most important fact is that Mimecast gives the chance to continue mail through Microsoft Outlook, web browser and mobile devices. Forcepoint is used to empower organisations in driving the business in using technologies safely. Each day, all the organisations are moving forward to have the transformative technologies. These are included Internet of Things (IoT), cloud mobility (Forcepoint.com, 2017). This Forcepoint application is used through cloud computing platform with using the safeguard. In case, a system of the network of an organisation current facing data and network, Forcepoint can eliminate this threat by point security products. The Forcepoint is an excessively useful application that blocks websites in case of malware attacks. This application may include list of sites that may not open in specified times and can be forever. If an organisation wants to block the websites in office, they can do it through cloud based service operation. The Forcepoint application is used as transparent proxy or layer so that it can be used as network traffic for all the access in a system or cloud (Shin, Wang Gu, 20 15). United States Department of Health and Human Services used Forcepoint in the year 2010. Health department used this application on an individual basis of the internet usage in office hours to make a report of browsing history. This data was made a category of URL, risk class and dates with workstation. In this regard, employees argued that it was used for privacy breaches of them. This protest was related to the internet censorship. Imperva application is used as filling the gap between network security and endpoint. This application does this to protect high-value application in the system. This application collects data in virtual data centres and physical assets too. Imperva is an integrated security platform that provides control and visibility of data stealing and it neutralises the threat. Imperva makes secure of regulatory compliance to protect data of an organisation (Imperva.com, 2017). Imperva analysed an organisation's Web Application Firewall to protect web application. Firewall works as monitoring the outgoing and ongoing network traffic based on security rules. Imperva creates a barrier between internal network and with another network. Imperva provides help in web application security like site scraping, fraud and DDoS. This application helps in preventing breaches to protect the application. In addition, data security is all about compliance and theft risks, Imperva helps in breach prevention to have detail understanding of the application. Expanding business in network security application Software Spike can work to develop firewall based network security application. Software Spike develops in-house software application and they make customise off-the shelf software for the small and medium sized companies. However, Software Spike can develop new firewall based security system. Most of the small and medium organisations are facing issues in deploying the security basics. In wireless or wire-based system of malware on endpoints to server, application is not secure with traditional anti-virus. Software Spike can develop firewall appliances that control security network of clients network system. This system will be firewall based software that provides layer on the host control network traffic. Software Spike will check the traffic in minimising the risk from threat. Software Spike is currently working on customises off-the shelf software to the customers, now the organisation can develop the products that will be going to sell in Australian market and also in global market. Software Spike will be selling this product to the online platform users organisation. According to Inukollu, Arsi Ravuri (2014), firewall can be used in both software and hardware programmes. Moreover, Software Spike can use network based software in unauthorised internet bugs. Most importantly, developers from Software Spike can use software firewall protection in which the traffic must through intranet firewall. Nonetheless, software firewall system of Software Spike can be developed in a way that can be installed in the computer system and users can customise it. Advantages and disadvantages of software development The spending for research in software development will be reaching $79.95 billion by 2019 in Australia. Software Spike can opt to take in-house software development and network will be layered on firewalls. IP protocol stack is used as barriers in not allowing traffic to go through firewall. Software Spike is new in the market and they have been competing in the industry for five years. Large organisations in this software development in Australia are Xero Group, MYOB Group, Link administration Holding and Wise Tech Global and much more. Software Spike can make a joint venture in order to get funding of new application in network security which will be based on firewall Software and hardware configuration is important in this sense. The management of the organisation needs to develop a set of skilled developer in developing system software that is going to launch in the market. Model of system development consists of planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. In soft ware development in network security, the Asia Pacific and Australian sector, the market is $230 million and Japan is excelling in this industry. In global perspective, Software Spike can develop expands in North America and Eastern Europe as are developed in software development. Moreover, in global perspective, the size of software industry is US$507.3 billion, an increase of 4.8% over 2016 (Afr.com, 2017). Moreover, in only network security software, all the organisations will be spending $16 billion by the year 2018. The organisation in developing software in network security can get advantages as this network security will be cheaper than any other process. The development cost will be less and selling price will also be cheaper than other organisations. The organisation can sell this application to pharmaceutical or hospitality industry companies. In hospitality, network security is important as customers get always engage in paying money or booking through the internet. Hospitality industry flourishes to $15 trillion. This type of software will be helpful and easy to configure or reconfigure. In managing the network of clients, Software Spike can use this software for protection of information (Kumar, Jain Barwal, 2014). In developing the software, the organisation can have the disadvantages like taking up system resources and it will be difficult to uninstall firewall completely from organisations systems. This type of software is difficult where response time is critical. Ethical, legal and social considerations in business The Internet is getting convenient option for business and customers both, however, customers and business organisations need to provide personal information in these. Financial details and personal information are stored in the organisations databases of the users. Software Spike expands its business in next five years into ICT technologies and the firm can develop network security software. However, the organisation should follow the Triple Bottom Line techniques in maintaining CSR (Modi et al. 2017). In economic development, the organisation needs to focus on sales and joint venture techniques. Most importantly, doing business through ethically as in network security, ethics is important. Any kind of devoid of ethics will not be tolerated. In developing technology, the organisation will follow philanthropic ideas. The agents' data will not be misused and Software Spike can freely share result of CSR. In development of software, legal issues are important as these are related to cy ber crime, privacy and encryption. Conclusion Software Spike is focusing on expanding its business in software development and in expanding the business, the organisation can choose in-house software development in network security. Right network security managers or tools yoke companies network, software, files with clients system, data and files. In todays collaborative workplace, information is shared with colleagues and with other organisations. The organisation is inspired by the network security solution given by Forcepoint organisation. Software Spike is going to give software firewall security. The organisation can develop the software taking help from the developers in the organisation. The funding issues need to be solved through joint venture with an organisation. Five-year plan of Software Spike is to identify the target market as they are going to target pharmaceutical and hospitality industry companies showing the importance of network security issues. In internet security, there is no room that a security framewor k has an error and this may lead to dangerous consequences of stealing from data and insecure system. The benefits that Software Spike will get through this are to economic dependence, global development, increase market share, the competition with major software developers. In this regard, the organisation is not bigger enough to start a large venture like this, however, this organisation can start by taking help from software giant in the industry. In next five year, Software Spike would like to have 4% market share with 5% increase in profitability. The organisation will be increasing employees with new recruitment of software developers who have experienced. The organisation in developing the software can face issues in corporate governance, lack of funding, monitoring the software development. In network security, DOS error is one of the significant issues, timely upgrading can solve this issue. In solving the issue of unauthorised access, keeping the password secret is needed. In eavesdropping moment, entertaining encryption is needed. Recommendations Software Spike is a small sized software developing organisation with limited resources. If the organisation is to develop software in a professional way and the organisation wants to market it in Australian as well as in global market, they need funding. In case of funding, the organisation can use joint venture or partnership working with any large scale organisation. Till now the organisation is working as a sole proprietorship, if the organisation wants to be a large business organisation with bigger market share, the organisation needs partnership business model. In partnership, Software Spike can opt to limited liability partnership that would help them in having networking. Software Spike should use Life Cycle Model in software developing. Developing in-house software, preliminary analysis is very important as there is any other alternative solution available or not. System analysis is based on requirement of developing new software with gathering facts or interpreting data. System designing stage narrates features and operation in detail. In development stage, developers write the code with testing. Maintenance and evaluation are important. The organisation is going to target pharmaceutical and hospitality sector. Promotions of the software product are to be done through social media and CSR of the organisation. Software spike is going to follow all ethical and legal consideration of developing software. In developing software, the organisation needs highly skilled and experience world class team. In this respect, Software Spike organisation should recruit quality team. Reference List Ahmed, M., Hossain, M. A. (2014). Cloud computing and security issues in the cloud.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(1), 25. Chen, Z., Han, F., Cao, J., Jiang, X., Chen, S. (2013). Cloud computing-based forensic analysis for collaborative network security management system.Tsinghua science and technology,18(1), 40-50. Cyber Security Leader | Imperva, Inc.. (2017).Imperva. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.imperva.com/ Email Cloud Services in Security Archiving | Mimecast. (2017).Mimecast.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.mimecast.com/ Forcepoint. (2017).Forcepoint. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.forcepoint.com/ Hashizume, K., Rosado, D. G., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. B. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing.Journal of Internet Services and Applications,4(1), 5. He, X., Chomsiri, T., Nanda, P., Tan, Z. (2014). Improving cloud network security using the Tree-Rule firewall.Future generation computer systems,30, 116-126. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(3), 45. Kumar, V., Jain, A., Barwal, P. N. (2014). Wireless sensor networks: security issues, challenges and solutions.International Journal of Information and Computation Technology (IJICT),4(8), 859-868. Manshaei, M. H., Zhu, Q., Alpcan, T., Bac?ar, T., Hubaux, J. P. (2013). Game theory meets network security and privacy.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),45(3), 25. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, A., Rajarajan, M. (2013). A survey on security issues and solutions at different layers of Cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,63(2), 561-592. Perlman, R., Kaufman, C. and Speciner, M., (2016).Network security: private communication in a public world. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Rhodes-Ousley, M., (2013).Information security the complete reference. New Jersey: McGraw Hill Professional. Shin, S., Wang, H., Gu, G. (2015). A first step toward network security virtualization: from concept to prototype.IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,10(10), 2236-2249. Software the place to be as Australia outstrips global tech spending projections. (2017).Financial Review. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.afr.com/technology/software-the-place-to-be-as-australia-outstrips-global-tech-spending-projections-20160118-gm8qi8 Stallings, W., Tahiliani, M. P. (2014).Cryptography and network security: principles and practice(Vol. 6). London: Pearson.

Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay Paper Working female parents have negative effects on their immature kids. This paper is used to demo that why female parents who normally working outside have bad effects on their immature kids and what are the effects. It explores a series of articles, diaries and experiments on the web sites to demo the bad effects of working female parents to their kids by the undermentioned four chief points, early developmental effects, mother-child barriers, psychological harm for kids and female parent s over-indulging cause kids deficiency of self-denial. In decision, the consequence of working female parents is still a controversial subject for presents, but both the common thought of people and the studies show that working female parents have farther negative effects to kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mother is the individual who gives a child life and love, so she is the most of import individual for a kid. Children can non populate without their female parent during babyhood which is based on homo s inherent aptitude. Mothers can give chest milk for kids to do them alive. And female parents can fulfill every small ask from kids because of female parent s love which is the basic homo s replete exist on every portion of homo s civilization and society. If people populating in the manner of against the homo s inherent aptitude, such as female parent normally outside so that do non hold adequate clip to remain with her kid, it will do jobs. Therefore, working female parents may hold negative effects on their immature kids. First of wholly, working female parents may doing bad early developmental effects. The kids will hold slower emotional development and mark less good in reading and math s trials, if their female parents return to work full clip in the old ages before they start school ( Carvel, 2003 ) . In this article, it talks about the working female parent s bad effects to their kids who show on the kids s ability of instruction. By the research, Prof Francesconi said that Even the kids of extremely educated female parents who go back to full-time work early will hold lower educational attainment. But the disadvantage will non be every bit much as it is for less educated Dendranthema grandifloruoms . This statement supports the thought of female parent who working outside truly has negative consequence on her kids. Parents are the first instructor of a kid, particularly the female parent. Imitate others action is the basic inherent aptitude of larning. In add-on, a research survey that receiv ed national attending in Britain found that kids whose female parents worked fill-time were twice every bit likely to neglect their high school go forthing tests as those whose female parents stayed place to raise them ( Anonymous, 1999 ) . This illustration besides shows that working female parents have negative effects to their kids on instruction. As a consequence, if female parents working outside for long clip, so the kid will has cipher to copy so that has less opportunities to larn abilities. This is the basic ground of why the kids with working female parents have low early instruction degree. As a consequence, early instruction is a really of import measure to act upon people s IQ and EQ for their whole life. Nowadays, escalating competition between people becomes harder and harder, so kids can non lose from the get downing line. Therefore, female parents should non work outdoors for long clip during the childhood of their kids. Second, working female parents will easy do mother-child barriers. In most of eastern states particularly in China, most of people believe that merely the people with the relationship of blood ties can truly swear each other, and the relationship between female parent and kids is the closest 1. However, if the female parent is working outside during her kids s childhood, there must be some estrangement being created. This will do barriers the communicating between female parent and kids, so that may organize domestic contradictions and go a concealed problem in future. A research survey that received national attending in China a twosome of old ages ago shows that convey up boies to back up parents in their old age is a common thought around people in low public assistance, so, if there is a job between female parent and kids on their household love, that will do a immense problem in a household, even the whole society. Pure close relationship normally built from childhood. When pe ople get older, the relationship will go complicated. Therefore, if people want to maintain the relationship of blood ties more credible, so this relationship should be built every bit early as possible. If people can non swear in the female parent s love, they will hold few opportunities to have others love. Love is the force of aid from others and no 1 can acquire a successful consequence without any aid. The female parents who ever work outside will do their kids start to discredit in love and do mother-child barriers even the barriers with the whole universe ( Wax, 2004 ) . Peace can non be kept by force. It can merely achieved by understanding is a well-known expression by Albert Einstein, but the apprehension between people demands clip and forbearance. Working female parents do non hold adequate clip to pass on with their kids and construct this apprehension, so barriers may easy be created. Peoples can non win with barriers in their household and the female parents who ev er work exterior is one of the grounds to do this happened. Therefore, working female parents have negative consequence to immature kids. Third, working female parents has the effects of psychological harm for kids. Young kid is really weak on both their organic structure and head, and female parent is the dearest individual of her kids. There was an experiment for a long clip ago shows that when people is confronting immense jobs, particularly the job is threating to life, the first individual they think is ever their Dendranthema grandifloruom. This is an look of homo s inherent aptitude of belong to and swear in female parent s love. Therefore, if female parent ever working outside and do non hold clip to remain with her kids, this will easy doing kids experiencing helpless and go unsociable, bizarre and have an inferior outlook. There are many illustrations around me, such as some schoolmates with individual parent household, or, some schoolmates whose parents ever really busy, normally have less assurance and less communicates with others. This is the immediate effect of kids with less of love. In this instance, t he kids with less female parent s attentions will demo different jobs in their behaviour ( Brindle, 2000 ) . Peoples may besides hold psychological unwellness or do visible radiation of their ain life ( Wax, 2004 ) . Peoples can non win without assurance and bravery, but these two of import individualities are the looks of people in love, particularly in the great female parent s love. Therefore, the kids with working female parents will acquire much less love than the kids whose female parent can ever remain with them. This will act upon the whole life of a kid. Fourthly, Working female parents may do female parents over-indulging and makes their kids deficiency of self-denial because of if the female parent work outside for long times, they will seek their best to do their kids happy in the limited clip of stay together and with less control. For illustration, many people who had has less attention because of their parents are excessively busy during their childhood, after they leave their place and get down to populate by their ain, such as abroad pupils, they normally weak to confront any seducement, and easy be addicted to take drugs, gambles, and intoxicant. They become to pass the money from their household extravagantly, so, eventually broken up the whole household and give up their calling. There is a study shows that working female parents normally have fatter kids. The working female parents has less attending to take attention every individual parts of their kids s day-to-day live, and they may utilize whatever the manner which c an do their kids happy to make full their guilty of did non pass adequate clip with kids ( Hawkes, 2007 ) . If hardworking can assist people to successful, so the spirit of unremitting and neer give up is the key to win. However, if people can non command themselves, they will neer to the full win. Therefore, immature kids need their female parents to remain with them and the female parents who ever work outdoors will hold negative consequence on their personality. Last but non least, people normally think that working female parents may hold negative effects to their kids as an inherent aptitude. There was an experiment has shown that approximately 60 % of work forces and 70 % of adult females agreed that a adult female s demand for self-fulfillment through work is merely every bit of import as her kids s demand for the best child care , and this study represent that in most of people s head, particularly in working female parents head, they want to pass more clip with their kids and give a best childhood to them ( WORKING Mothers: Consequence ON CHILDREN , 1983 ) . Mothers want to remain with their kids and kids want to remain with their female parents is the inherent aptitude of human being or animate beings. If people live in the manner which is against their inherent aptitude, so it has to be at least a really small influence to their life. However, for many grounds, there are so many studies try to demo the opposite consequence of pe ople s common thought that there is no difference between the kids with working female parents or non, but few of them has supported that the working female parents can assist their kids to turn up. Therefore, these articles may make by the authoritiess or the people who want adult females continue to work so that keeps the societal productiveness non diminishing. This is merely a courageous speculation, but still seems possible and sensible. In decision, In decision, based on the methods of above, working female parents may hold the undermentioned negative effects to their kids, such as early developmental effects, mother-child barriers, psychological harm for kids and female parent s over-indulging cause kids deficiency of self-denial. Therefore, female parents are better to pass more clip with their kids instead than working outside for long-run.

Vapiano Restaurant

Vapiano Restaurant Introduction With the recent economic crisis across many countries in the world, one can easily give up an idea of starting a new business. Starting a business like a fast food restaurant can especially seem less appealing due to the high level of competition that already exists in this particular food restaurant market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Vapiano Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, as it has been proven again by the new and expanding Vapiano food restaurant, innovation is the most critical aspect that is required to grow and expand a business. The designers of the Vapiano restaurant concept have targeted and appealed to a particular segment of customers who have in turn continued to flood her steps in increasing numbers (Lam et al. 2011). Here, we will look at the range of unique services and technology that have been employed by Vapiano restaurant to attract customers. History and Con cept Vapiano restaurant was established in 2002 in Hamburg (Germany) by a man named Mark Korzilius (Kilian 2011). Mark wanted to introduce a concept whereby customers could order and enjoy fast foods with an Italian taste within an atmosphere that they could be part of (Kilian 2011). Here, the main menu that would be availed to customers includes pizzas, salads, and pastas. Apart from unique menus, Vapiano intended to provide unique services that would attract customers to visit her restaurants. Usually, meals are prepared in an open environment where customers can see. Besides, the design of the restaurants has been done with a focus on creating a modern atmosphere (Bowen 1986). Thus, the entire Vapiano package is intended to lure customers with her new, affordable, and casual eating experience within a modern environment (Lam et al. 2011). About two thirds of the customers that have been visiting Vapiano restaurants are women (Fama 2005). Vapiano has mostly targeted affluent indiv iduals with high incomes; the majority of these customers are aged between twenty five to forty five years. Most of Vapiano customers live in highly populated urban centres across Europe and the United States. Importantly, Vapiano has introduced an attractive technology experience through its payment method (Fama 2005). Here, customers use a chip card to charge and pay for services. With the mentioned unique services, Vapiano has been able to offer high value services to her customers (Head 2008). Having initially started in Germany, Vapiano restaurant has expanded to Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. With the help of other investors, Mark Korzilius designed the Vapiano business model for the purpose of continually expanding and refining the Vapiano business (Fama 2005).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the opening of the initial Dà ¼ss eldorf franchise in 2004, more restaurants were opened afterwards. As the Vapiano model has continually appealed to customers, it has also continuously expanded across Germany and the rest of the world. Currently, Vapiano has been targeting market segments across the world with the demography concept in mind (Head 2008). However, as it expands further, the company could need to design business concepts that would appeal to unique cultures across the world (Lam et al. 2011). Like most of the other markets where Vapiano has ventured, the German market is highly competitive with a range of restaurants that employ diverse approaches to attract customers. Some of these restaurants are run by international companies like the McDonald (Fama 2005). Here, many people are adopting changing lifestyles such as outdoor eating habits. Such a direction has thus expanded the market of fast food restaurants like Vapiano (Lehn 2008). One important approach that has been employed by Vapiano to target the expanding market of restaurant eaters has been to offer a package of affordable and quality restaurant services to her customers. Therefore, although the products and services of Vapiano restaurants are relatively affordable when compared to her rivals, customers here can still enjoy high quality services that match the restaurant concept (Kilian 2011). Services and Technology Vapiano restaurant provides customers with fast food Italian dishes within a modern environment. Although the design of Vapiano buildings may vary in style, all of them have a modern European architecture with at least one tree planted within the buildings as a symbol of freshness (Lam et al. 2011). Having started in Germany, Vapiano has expanded to over seventy locations across Europe and the rest of the world. Currently, the Vapiano Company is intending to add about one hundred more locations in the United States to its expanding franchise (Lehn 2008). Usually, Vapiano restaurants are in highly populated locations in urban centres. These urban centres must have a large number of high income earners aged between twenty five to forty years. Besides, Vapiano restaurants are usually located nearby a place of attraction such as a theatre where they can tap into the high number of customer inflow. So as to improve efficiency and serve her customers better, Vapiano restaurants have a layout that is specifically designed to increase efficiency (Lehn 2008). The layout of Vapiano restaurants is usually divided into two sections: the food section and the bar section. The food section is further divided into three counters that serve different types of dishes. The three dishes that are mainly served at the three different counters are pizzas, salads and pasta (Lam et al. 2011). Here, depending on the meal that they would like to be served, customers can move to appropriate counters for the services that they need. Usually, meals at the three counters are made on orders.Advertising We w ill write a custom report sample on Vapiano Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Upon entry into a Vapiano restaurant, a customer will first report at a registry. Here, customers are given RFID chip cards for the processing of their meal payment (Lehn 2008). From the registry, customers move into the bar area. Here, customers are greeted and availed the option of taking drinks at this particular section. However, customers can decide to skip taking drinks and move directly to the food area. As I had mentioned, the food section is divided into three sections that serve different kinds of meals (mainly pasta, salads and pizza) (Frances 2006). Thus, customers can select specific counters where they can order their meals. Once customers report at specific counters, they are offered seats from where they can watch the preparation of their meals by cooks. Usually, customers will have a chance of interacting with cooks as they wait for their meals to be ready. As it is often the case, there is very limited number of waiters (whose work is primarily to clear the tables). Such an arrangement of cooking meals close to customers helps to reduce the number of waiters, and thus help in reducing labour costs for the restaurant (Lehn 2008). Moreover, cooks are thus given another role of controlling customer flow at their restaurants. Once they finish their meals, customers make payments at their respective counters. Here, customers have an option of moving back to the bar section to enjoy more drinks as they relax (Frances 2006). Usually, the number of available chip cards is equal to the number of seats that are available to customers for a particular restaurant. Since customers can sit anywhere they wish, it is common to see different customers share tables. I would like to mention that some Vapiano restaurants have a different layout from the on that I have mentioned above. For example, instead of having the bar section bef ore the food section, the Boston restaurant has a bar section on the side of the food section instead. Here, I would like to describe range of unique services that are offered at Vapiano restaurant. As I had mentioned earlier, Vapiano restaurants have been designed to present customers with an atmosphere that is stylish and modern. As such, all of the Vapiano restaurants have been built with an attractive European architecture. I had also mentioned about the presence of a tree in the restaurants as a sign of freshness.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Usually, the theme of the restaurants is a fast and modern theme. Apart from fast Italian dishes, which are usually ready in just a few minutes after an order, the music that is played at the restaurants is usually fast music designed to resonate with the fast and modern theme at the restaurants. With their luxurious architecture and style, Vapiano restaurants attract high class customers to their stores. Despite serving traditional Italian dishes, the environment at the Vapiano restaurants deviates from the traditional Italian environment to a modern environment. Thus, young people with high incomes will especially find the package at the restaurants appealing (Lam et al. 2011). Moreover, the quality of food that is served at Vapiano restaurant differentiates it from other restaurants. As I had mentioned, most of the food that is served at the restaurant consists of traditional Italian dishes like salads and pasta. One particular aspect however that differentiates Vapiano from othe r Italian restaurants is the quality of Italian dishes that are served at Vapiano (Lam et al. 2011). When compared to the meals that are served at the more traditional Italian restaurants, the meals that are served at Vapiano restaurants are of poorer quality. Usually, cooks at Vapiano restaurants are not as highly skilled in preparing dishes as their counterparts at the traditional Italian restaurants (Frances 2006). Actually, meals at the Vapiano restaurants are designed for quick preparation instead of quality. Thus, meals that are served at Vapiano restaurants are usually pre made and frozen; hence, they can be prepared fast by the cooks. As we had briefly seen, another aspect that is unique to Vapiano restaurant is the low number of workers at the restaurant. Apart from preparing fast meals, cooks are also responsible for handling traffic flow, interacting with customers, serving customers, and in handling communication flow at the restaurants where they work (Lam et al. 2011). On the other hand, with the duty of just clearing tables, the number of waiters at Vapiano restaurants is usually low (Charles 1998). The result of such an arrangement results in customers moving a lot. Customers are required to move to counters and make orders. Besides, they are also required to find an appropriate place where they can sit (Fazzari 2006). Once they have finished their meals, customers are also required to move to the register and make payments. Again, such a concept is appropriate for an energetic and modern youth (Bowen 1986). The unique environment at Vapiano restaurant results in relatively low prices for customers. First, since customers do a lot of the movement, waiters at Vapiano restaurant are few; thus helping the restaurants to cut on labour costs (Fazzari 2006). The cut in labour costs can then be passed to customers through low prices. Besides, since the atmosphere at Vapiano restaurant is fast paced, customers are served their meals fast after which th ey move out for more customers to be served. Such an arrangement helps to increase the efficiency of Vapiano restaurants; hence, creating a big volume of customer inflows (Cuthbertson 2008). With a high capacity for customers, Vapiano restaurants are thus able to reduce their operating costs; hence, helping to pass the benefits to customers by charging low process for their services. Moreover, since there is a low emphasis on very high quality of meals and a high emphasis on speed, Vapiano restaurants are able to reduce the time and energy that is required to prepare meals; thus, helping to cut their overall costs of service. Although customers are generally encouraged to take their meals and leave the restaurant, they have an option of returning to the bar section of the restaurant where they can enjoy more drinks (Frances 2006). When a customer spends more money in buying drinks at the bar, they contribute to more revenues for the restaurants. Generally, the whole arrangement at V apiano restaurant is to increase efficiency; hence, helping to cut costs and thus contributing to the relatively low prices at the Vapiano restaurants (Charles 1998). Despite the low number of waiters and other workers at Vapiano restaurants, customers can still interact with the usually warm and friendly workers at the restaurant. Most pf the workers at Vapiano restaurants are generally friendly, cooperative and warm. The good attitude of workers at Vapiano restaurant has been helpful in promoting a positive experience for customers (Fazzari 2006). Unlike the traditional Italian restaurants that rely on reserves bookings to make preparation for customers, most of the Vapiano customers do not make bookings before visiting their favourite restaurant. However, due to the high efficiency system that is employed at the Vapiano restaurants, most customers will find available sits when they visit. Such a direction has been helpful in removing any inconveniences that could otherwise have a risen due to the large number of customers that visit the Vapiano restaurants (Cuthbertson 2008). The management of Vapiano restaurant has seen it necessary to develop a discount plan for their customers. As we had seen, customers are usually offered chip cards when they enter Vapiano restaurants. These chip cards enable customers to accumulate points that they can use later to obtain discounts (Koller 2005). The offer of a discount mechanism to her customers is among the important directions that have been designed by Vapiano restaurants to attract and keep a large number of customers (Vapiano 2011). Besides, the discount plan has also been helpful in promoting customer loyalty. As it had been seen, the use of chip cards has also been fruitful in helping the Vapiano restaurants to monitor the flow of customers. When the chip cards are unavailable, it means that the restaurant has reached its full capacity. In such instances, customers can wait for spaces at the bar as they enjoy dr inks. The general approach of increasing efficiency at Vapiano restaurants can also be seen through the use of chip cards. Since information on the number of customers that have visited the restaurants, collected revenues, and preferred meals is electronically stored to a database by the chip cards, useful information is easily availed to the management of the Vapiano restaurant (Cuthbertson 2008). For example, the management of Vapiano restaurants can use information that has been availed by the chip cards to know about the types of meals that have been consumed most within a specific period; hence helping the management to buy future stocks. Likewise, the management can easily obtain information on revenues and profits that have been made from a database that has been linked to the chip cards (Koller 2005). Generally, the chip cards are useful in helping the management of Vapiano restaurant to obtain important information for the effective running of their restaurants (Charles 199 8). Currently, the cost of a single chip card is fifty dollars. A challenge that has been presented to the management of Vapiano as a result of using chip cards is the frequent loss of chip cards by customers. Here, an approach that has been employed is to trust customers, and therefore ask them how much they had spent earlier. Currently, plans are underway to introduce chip cards that are more personalised for customers with information such as the names of the customers and the foods that they like most. The relatively low price of meals at Vapiano restaurants has been helpful in appealing to customers who have been visiting the restaurant. Generally, the prices of pasta and pizza range from $7 to $12 (Vapiano 2011). Compare this relatively low pricing to an average of $ 20 in a traditional Italian restaurant. As a result many Vapiano restaurants have been seeing an increase in the number of customers that visit their stores with an average of about 500 guests per day in most rest aurants (Vapiano 2011). The average turnover per each of the Vapiano restaurants was about two million euros in 2011 (Vapiano 2011). The average operating costs for each of the Vapiano restaurants was about one million euros. Here, about 30% of the costs were as a result of material costs and the chip technology. A further 30% of the cost resulted from labour expenses. Thus, the Vapiano concept has been useful in expanding and managing Vapiano restaurants (Fazzari 2006). Conclusion Through an aggressive campaign that has marketed their unique concept: providing an Italian food experience in a fast food and modern environment, the management of Vapiano restaurants have been able to expand the volume of their customer segment across Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa. Here, the management of Vapiano Company has especially introduced a package that has appealed to the young, wealthy, and modern populace that mostly resides in western countries (Koller 2005). Vapiano customers have been able to experience a stylish and modern atmosphere; besides, they have loved the unique services that incorporate technologies; moreover, they have also enjoyed the relatively low prices of meals at Vapiano restaurant (Cuthbertson 2008). Through carefully designed systems, the total arrangement at Vapiano restaurant has been for a youthful and energetic young person that loves to eat out in a modern restaurant. Such youths have not found it difficult to use the chip technologies, and to move from one place to another within the restaurants as they make their orders and payments. References Bowen, R. 1986 â€Å"Evidence on the Relationship between Earnings and management†, The Accounting Review, vol. 4, pp. 713-725. Charles H., 1998, Clock speed – Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage, Perseus Books, New York. Cuthbertson, K., 2008, Investments, Second Edition, John Wiley Sons Ltd, West Sussex. Fama, E., 2005, ‘Managing Restaurants†™, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 60, pp. 3-43. Fazzari, S. M., 2006, â€Å"Financial Constraints and Corporate Investments†, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, vol. 1, pp. 141-195. Frances, X., 2006, Breaking the Trade-Off between Efficiency and Service, HBS, New York. Head, T 2008, ‘Theory, Advantages and Disadvantages, Student Accountant Magazine, June/July 2008, p 50. Kilian, W, 2011, Vapiano: Creating a marketing-driven business, HBS, New York. Koller, T., 2005, Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies, John Wiley Sons Inc, New Jersey. Lam, T, et al. Comparison study of two Italian restaurants: Vapiano and Trattora, MIT press, New York. Lehn , A., 2008, â€Å" Performance Measures and Signals for Strategic Change†, Strategy and Leadership, vol. 5, pp.34-38. Vapiano, 2011, Menus, Locations, Concept. Web.

Top 5 jobs that pay a lot more than you think

Top 5 jobs that pay a lot more than you think We’ve all had one of those moments where you look at someone and think, â€Å"That guy makes how much for that job? Crazy.† There are actually a lot of jobs out there that pay more than you might expect, based on the level of experience necessary to do the job or simply stereotypes about what we think certain roles are worth. Let’s look at some of the most unexpected-salaried jobs out there. Dental HygienistDental hygienists are often the unsung heroes of the dental world- after all, they’re usually the ones who have to listen to all the excuses about why you didn’t floss, or who hear the fibs about how much you did floss (Be honest!). But because it’s often a supporting role and doesn’t require a four-year degree to get started, you might be surprised at the salary. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, dental hygienists make a median annual salary of $74,070. (And given what they do to keep our teeth healthy and sparkling , they deserve every penny!)What they do: Dental hygienists clean teeth, perform dental exams, provide preventative dental care, assist dentists with procedures, and educate patients about follow-up care and dental health.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree in dental hygiene, which typically takes 2-3 years to complete. Some states also require additional licensing for dental hygienists, so be sure to check on your own state’s requirements.Elevator Repairer/MechanicThere are some repair jobs on which you can cut corners, and no one really notices. Elevator repair is not one of them. It’s a high-stakes mechanical job, so although it’s a career that can usually be started with a high school diploma and an apprenticeship or on-the-job training, it’s one that commands a high salary because it requires a high level of skill and attention to detail. In fact, elevator repairers make only a few thousand dollars per year less than the mechanical engineers who design the elevators themselves. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, elevator repairers make a median annual salary of $79,480- and demand is expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years.What they do: Elevator repairers or mechanics are responsible for installing and repairing elevators, escalators, moving walkways, and other people movers, as well as ensuring safety.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, plus an apprenticeship. You’ll also need strong mechanical savvy, and the ability to work in cramped quarters.Flight AttendantWith perks like free travel, you might think that working as a flight attendant might be one of those jobs where the perks make up for a not-super-high salary. But if you’re interested in the jet-setting life and want a solid median salary, you should consider becoming a flight attendant. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, flight attendants make a median annual sal ary of $50,500, with demand expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years. Flight attendants who work for private or charter companies can also make more than that.What they do: Flight attendants manage airline passenger needs, safety, and comfort from (literally) Point A to Point B. In an emergency, they’re also first responders, assisting customers with any kind of crisis that happens in flight.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, with significant on-the-job training provided by the airline. A good flight attendant also has stellar customer service skills (and the patience/good bedside manner to go with it).Technical WriterIt may not be the Great American Novel, but you see the work of technical writers everywhere: the instructions you get with your new assemble-it-yourself furniture, those tutorial PDFs on a company’s website, journal articles taking complex scientific or technical subjects and translating them for a wider audi ence. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, technical writers make a median annual salary of $70,930 (or $34.10 per hour), with demand expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years. It’s also a versatile field, with technical writing positions open in a variety of industries (tech, healthcare, manufacturing, etc.).What they do: Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, how-to guides, or other supporting documentation to help guide customers or readers through a technical process. They translate complicated tasks for information for a particular audience. Technical writers may work full-time, or freelance.What you’ll need: A bachelor’s degree, helped by expertise in a technical subject like computer science, engineering, or web design.Theatrical Makeup ArtistGot a flair for the dramatic, but don’t have any interest in being onstage? Be the star backstage, and consider becoming a makeup artist. Makeup artists who specialize in theater, media, movie, TV, or other performance often make significantly more than their cosmetologist peers. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, theatrical/performance makeup artists make a median annual salary of $69,310, with the 90th percentile making $127,030.What they do: Theatrical makeup artists create makeup looks to suit a particular production or performance design.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, plus training in cosmetology. A background in theater or drama is also helpful, as is artistic creativity.If you’re looking for a job that carries a strong paycheck but falls outside the stereotypical â€Å"high-paid† spectrum, any of these jobs would be a great start.

Why Was America Taken by Surprise on 11 September 2001 Essay

Why Was America Taken by Surprise on 11 September 2001 - Essay Example The country itself is guarded by strong defenses. With a land army of total weapons of 56,269, air power of 18, 234 aircrafts and naval power of 2,834 ships1 she has become a symbol of military might. Furthermore, with a resilient intelligence network comprising of CIA, the country is apparently able to keep threats away. The story of 9/11 developed very interestingly. On the morning of September 11, 2001 four commercial planes were hijacked by terrorists affiliated with Al-Qaeda, an Islamic extremist group. The number of terrorists was expected to be around 19 that carried suicide attacks in three different places. The first two planes crashed into the World Trade Center in New York, the third destructed a part of the Pentagon while the fourth crashed in a field of Pennsylvania. This was a massive and atrocious attack on the land of America causing immense collateral damage.2 Who would have expected the day when America crippled into the depths of shock and horror with strong defens ive shields mentioned above. A major chunk of the American economy flourishing in the WTC was deflated. The Pentagon that is the central decision making body of the country was so vulnerable and the trans-border security on the airports was so weak that no one could keep a check on any unusual activities. All of these loopholes resulted in the death of more than 3000 civilians3 on 9/11. When the episode of 9/11 is dug deep, one comes across a lot of questions. For instance, why did a non-state actor attack America? How did it get the capability to penetrate inside the country? Was there an insider involved? Does it prove the failure of President George W. Bush’s administration or was it another excuse to wage war like the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941? All of these questions have affected the lives of Americans itself. Right after the country was attacked, President George W. Bush declared war on terror and put forward a proposal of â€Å"either you are with us or them (terror ists)† before the world making states choose between the devil and the deep blue sea. President Bush invested heavily to wage the war against Osama Bin Laden, the culprit responsible for planning and executing the attacks. He started off with bombarding Afghanistan in 2001 which hasn’t stopped yet even after a decade. The attacks had huge impact on the lives of each and every American. If one goes back in time, he will realize that the impact was equally large six decades ago when the Empire of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor toppling U.S Navy on the Hawaiian coast. Like 9/11, the attack on Pearl Harbor came as a surprise and both the attacks took approximately 3000 lives. On the second day of the attack President Roosevelt declared war on Japan starting World War II4. It was the first time ever in the history of mankind that a nuclear bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Similarly, President Bush announced to hunt down every terrorist in the world right after the WT C crippled. Hence, the defense budget started increasing at the cost of human lives. The most striking and ironic fact about these two attacks was that both the Presidents knew about them in advance. They knew that their country was under threat and could be attacked at any moment. It was in a newspaper on 30th November 1941 that warned of Japanese strike on the American homeland when the naval fleet came under attack on 7th December 1941. The President was questioned regarding knowledge of the attack beforehand. It was later investigated and revealed that it was the President himself and some members of his administration that delayed the conveyance of the warning messages given by the United Kingdom to Hawaii. 5 President

Aerosol-Cloud InteractionsA Piece of the Climate Puzzle Essay

Aerosol-Cloud InteractionsA Piece of the Climate Puzzle - Essay Example There have been a number of potential effects about the aerosols that have been implied though there should be much more investigation and study in order for the size of these effects in a worldwide view. Therefore, for a much more improved model outcrop of future climate, there is much importance in the quantitative comprehension of these effects. There are findings that have been put into writing as well as pictures in regard to the aerosol and cloud properties during the previous years. Nonetheless, these types of seen connection are not essentially as a result of microphysical end products. They may relatively be as a result of retrieval errors, cloud flagging errors, seasonal factors, spatial climatological factors, humidity conditions or even synoptic effects. This report herein shows a discussion of the contribution of spatial climatological factors and synoptic effects to aerosol-cloud associations. Therefore, this paper is going to handle the needed aspects that deal with th e aerosol and cloud interactions, a piece of the climate puzzle. In addition, that will entail all the necessary details required. Aerosols in as much as is known always have an effect in the cloud formation in general. There are, therefore, specific aerosols that can be found in the clouds, whether they are organic or inorganic. The specific organic or inorganic aerosol found in the clouds is a sea salt, which is the most common CCN over the ocean. It is mostly how they aerosols affect or get involved in the cloud formation. To add to that, there is the question of what happens when these major oceanic clouds move over land and whether the aerosol interactions change (Bowler 76). The answer that comes to that question is that, once droplets of clouds have been formed, aerosols or CCN are separated by water of ice and would not be directly interacting with anything else. As a result, when cloud droplets or raindrops evaporate, aerosols are free and can be able to

Ten Most Effective Ways to Improve Your English Essay Example for Free

Ten Most Effective Ways to Improve Your English Essay 1. Read : Read anything and everything in English. You can read story books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, comics, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements, etc. For story books, don’t force yourself to read something too difficult or something you know you won’t enjoy. Make reading fun! Read books that you ENJOY reading. I hate to read books that bore me too. Opening up books before you buy one and flicking through them to find one with lots of direct dialogue in it has several advantages. If there is less text on the page due to all the speech marks etc, this can make it easier to read and easier to write translations on. Dialogue is also much easier to understand than descriptive parts of a book, and is much more like the language you will want to learn in order to be able to speak English. 2. Start your own English language blog : Even for people who dont have to write in English, writing can be a great way of properly learning the kind of vocabulary you need to describe your own life and interests, and of thinking about how to stop making grammar mistakes. The problem most people have is that they dont know what to write about. One traditional way to make sure you write every day in English is to write an English diary (journal), and a more up to date way of doing this is to write a blog. Popular topics include your language learning experience, your experience studying abroad, your local area, your language, or translations of your local news into English. This is one way for you to practice your writing. Blog on something that you love. If you are a fan of movies, start a blog and write about your favourite movies, your favourite characters, what you think could be improved in the movie, what new movies to expect next year, etc. Besides blogging, try joining online forums, engage in online chatting and more . 3. Be best friends with a good English dictionary : You can use Oxford, Collins, Cambridge, etc. Buy a dictionary that you’re comfortable with and USE it at all times. Keep it next to you when you’re reading. I always put my favourite Oxford dictionary by my side when I’m reading. So when I stumble upon a word I don’t know, I don’t have to get up and look around for it. It’s right there by my side. Thus, I have no excuse for not looking the word up! Try and familiarize yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary. Look up the correct pronunciation of words that are hard for you to say. Write down words and their definitions in a notebook for future reference it may come in handy! 4. Watch English movies with subtitles : This would be my favourite way of learning English. Not only do I get to have a fun time watching the movie, I’d be learning new words at the same time and knowing how to pronounce them! Usually, you can get movies with English subtitles on DVDs. 5. Listen to English songs : Read the lyrics as you listen to the songs. Listen to your favourite songs and sing along to them. Although just listening to a song in English can be a good way of really learning the words of the chorus in an easily memorable way, if you want to really get something out of listening to English music you will need to take some time to read the lyrics of the song with a dictionary. Once you have read and understood the lyrics, if you then listen and read at the same time, this can be a good way of understanding how sounds change in fast, natural, informal speech. 6. Relax and have a positive, confident attitude : If you make a mistake or forget a word when you are speaking English – it’s OK! Don’t be nervous or afraid. The person who you’re talking to will understand and be patient with you. If you are insecure when speaking English, it will be even more difficult to think of the words you know. 7. Learn a new word a day : Keep your own vocabulary notebook and write a new word and its meaning in it every day. Refer to it as often as possible so that the new words will stick in your head. 8. Read aloud in English for at least 15 minutes every day : Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a new language. Find something you enjoy reading especially if it has a lot of dialogue, and read it aloud. Even if you dont speak aloud, reading as many English books as possible will increase your vocabulary and knowledge of sentence structure. Make sure when you read these books that you understand what the author is trying to say. 9. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes : Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak. However, this is a very important exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making. 10. Speak the language whenever you can : Speak it with friends and family. You can also sing along to English songs! Try karaoke! Don’t be shy to try speaking the language. Don’t be afraid that others will tease you. In fact, they’ll admire you for your courage and confidence. References: 1. http://www.malaysia-students.com/2009/08/10-simple-ways-to-improve-your-english.html 2. http://www.espressoenglish.net/speaking-english-10-ways-to-improve/ 3. http://english.learnhub.com/lesson/4231-10-ways-to-improve-the-way-you-speak-english?id=4231-10-ways-to-improve-the-way-you-speak-english 4. http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/70-ways-to-improve-your-english.html

Antigone: Hero Or Fool? Essay -- Greek tragic hero

In Greek literature, a tragic hero is based upon an individual having several of the following qualities: having a high social position in society; not being overly good or bad; being persistant or stubborn in their actions; having a single flaw that brings about their own death and the death of others; and obtaining pity from the audience. Antigone was a prime example of a Greek tragic hero. Antigone, being the daughter of Oedipus, obtained a high social standing in Thebes. Prior to his self-exile from Thebes, Oedipus was the city's king. Because of her high standing in society, Antigone was capable of great suffering, in that she had a reputation and a vast amount of respect to lose. Antigone's good side is demonstrated by her insistance on respecting her brother Polyneices' right to be buried in the religious tradition of Greece. The Greeks believed that it was of most importance to bury a person who died in battle so that their soul may continue on in the after life. Antigone is willing to risk her own life so that Polyneices can have to proper burial that she so strongly feels he deserved; "but I will bury him: and if I must die, I say that this crime is holy: I shall lie down with him in death, and I shall be dear to him as he to me." (Prologue, line 57-59) Having a fatal flaw is one of the characteristics of a Greek tragic hero. Antigon...

Systematic Approach to Managing Ohs

MODULE 1 SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO MANAGING OHS ASSESSMENT Module 1 PROJECT 1 Write a detailed report on the implementation of a systematic approach to managing OHS. Your report might be theoretical or based on your specific workplace. Ensure that you include the following: ?Requirements for record-keeping ?Sources of OHS information and data ?Consultative arrangements ?OHS action plans ?OHS specialists (internal or external) and technical advisors ? Other functional areas ?Proposed changes to the workplace Stakeholders Construction Australia is the company that I am employed by. Our company offers services in refractory installation to all major industries. We are involved in the construction and maintenance of boilers, kilns, ovens, incinerators, etc. in power generation plants, heat treatment plants, chemical plants, steel mills, oil refineries and many more. We conduct high risk work such as demolition, confined space entry, working at heights, and work at extreme temperatures mainly in major hazard facilities.Due to the nature of our work it is vital that we have a system in place to manage Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). A systematic approach to managing OHS allows us to follow a structured framework that ensures primarily, we reduce the risks of injury or illness in the workplace or anyone affected by our activities and that we comply with all relevant laws and legislation. The main elements of an Occupational Health and safety management system (OHSMS) are: †¢Commitment and policy †¢Planning †¢Implementation †¢Measurement and evaluation Review and improvement These elements are incorporated into the system and involve consultation at all stages with stakeholders and key personnel of our organisation. The basis of this approach is a cycle of continuous improvement as illustrated below in fig. 1: When establishing a more systematic approach to managing safety, it is helpful to understand where your organisation is in terms of OHS mat urity. Four levels of system maturity can be considered: †¢Immature (Troubled) †¢Reactive (Responsive) †¢Attentive (Managed) Mature (Value-Adding) Our company is at a mature level as we have established structures, systems and processes in place. We also have a shared belief that OHS is a critical aspect of personal and organisational performance and focus continually on improvement and ways to reduce risks. An effective OHSMS requires the participation of all parts of the organisation. To gain this commitment from people, senior management takes an active role in leadership, allocation of resources, consultative meetings and regular reviews of OHS.The first step in the systematic approach to OHS is to develop a comprehensive OHS policy that states the overall objectives and sets out the company’s commitment to health and safety. The policy should be sufficiently clear and be capable of being read by all relevant parties, internal and external. The policy shoul d be endorsed by the most senior person, such as the CEO or managing director. Beroa’s OHS policy is attached to appendix A. Action plans are a vital part of the planning and implementation process.The organisation needs to determine the key regulatory requirements they must meet and also get an understanding of their major OHS risks and how they will be identified. Objectives, targets and key performance indicators (KPI’s) need to be set. These should incorporate both lead (e. g. number of safety audits conducted) and lag (e. g. number of lost time injuries) indicators. Lead indicators are commonly referred to as Positive Performance Indicators (PPI’s) that focus on assessing how successful an organisation is performing.Using a combination of both lead and lag indicators will provide the best outcomes. A plan is vital to ensure targets are reached in a systematic way and it should be linked to the organisation’s strategic plan. The plan should allocate r esources and timelines and can be used to monitor development of the OHSMS. Appendix B is a Beroa action plan that we have in place. It outlines the systems that we use to ensure that we are compliant with legislation and we are fulfilling the objectives of our OHS policy.We use policies and procedures, inductions, meetings, toolbox meetings, consultation, pre-start checks and regular training and development to deliver all our processes. Our documented policies for hazard identification and hazard/risk assessment, make sure that we remain regulatory compliant through our business activities. Consultation with workplace personnel, OHS professionals, insurers and other relevant group is undertaken to ensure that we develop a safe workplace and mentality. We aim to translate legislation into a language that can be comprehended at all levels.This allows people to understand and participate with feeling unsure or confused. Beroa has an open door policy on all aspects especially OHS. Con sultation is the best tool that we use in our workplace. The changing nature of our working conditions on a constant basis means that we need to know what is going on so we can make sure that we remain compliant and that our systems are working appropriately. Our consultation procedure (Appendix C) acts as an information highway between management and employees, so that if any changes are required they can be made, documented and then implemented into the system.We use the consultation processes with all stakeholders that are involved in our OHSMS, these include but are not limited to: †¢Management †¢Administration †¢Clients †¢Employees †¢Suppliers †¢Unions †¢Work cover and other relevant authorities †¢Insurers †¢Public †¢OHS and technical experts All information gathered from stakeholders is considered and used in the development of our systems, policies and procedures. The applied procedures that our company has in place allow us t o constantly monitor and evaluate our performance.Daily toolbox discussions, training, weekly meetings, management meetings, safety audits and safety checklists (Appendix D) are some of the tools we use to monitor and evaluate. Major policies are reviewed every 2-3 years or as required. The nature of our work requires that we retain specific records for specified times in order to comply with legislation. These include: Confined space entry- we retain entry permits for 1 month, risk assessments/JSA for 5 years, training records for the term of employees employment plus 7 years and any notifiable incidents for 2 years after the incident occurs.Health monitoring records- these must be kept for 30 years after they are recorded and 40 years for asbestos related documents. These records must be kept confidential. Hazardous chemicals register- we keep registers of any chemicals that are stored. We list them and keep material safety data sheets, which are readily available to employees or anybody that could be affected by the chemical. We have two methods of record keeping, hard copy and electronic. All documents are kept on both. Within the electronic system we have a sub-system called Timberline.This system is passcode protected and has restricted access; all personal details and personal health records are kept in this system for confidentiality. Our OHS manager has access along with relevant management. Project files for each client are kept and updated after completion of each project. Documents included include attendance sheets, JSA’s, toolbox meetings, materials and equipment, inductions, training, client feedback, performance reports, safety audits and observations. Employee records such as inductions and qualifications are also kept and updated when needed.We also keep lists of OHS safety representatives and are readily accessible and up to date. OHS affects all aspects of an organisation. An effective OHS system allows other functional areas to thri ve and exploit the benefits. The reduction and elimination of work place injuries will reduce the cost of workers comp premiums, limit sick days and reduce the money spent on rehabilitation, all this eases the strain of budgeting systems and also allows more resources for training and information of OHS.Public relations will find it easier representing our positive results in safety and compliance to existing and future clients, public and relevant authorities. It will also reduce the workload of administration allowing them time to work on other aspects of the business. Our OHS system allows our employees to take an active role in all aspects in relation to the system. This gives them a sense of ownership and the drive to make sure that we reach and outperform our goals and objectives.

Importance of Internal Communications Essay

Importance of Internal Communications for a company and two case studies. Internal communications is considered a vital tool for connecting people within the company. It does not refer only to those few â€Å"official† channels of communication in a company, it is also the strategic management of information flows to ensure the optima level of employee engagement. (Civicus, 2001) This business context of communication is a dual listening process. It is a top-down, bottom-up, side-to-side communication harnessed as a means of delivering messages, listening to concerns and motivating staff. Maintaining a good internal communications within a company could reinforce the vision, values and culture among employees, who can then communicate it to internal and external audiences. Internal communications aims to ensure that employees in the company work together towards the same goal, know what they should be doing and by when. Internal communication has evolved various ways of communicating internally. Traditionally, it started off with informal and formal one-to-one and one-to-many meetings where usually the ‘the boss’ would communicate in a highly one-way fashion with employees. Lee, 2006) In this case the message is mostly communicated in one way, it does not include feedback from the message recipients. When print materials were introduced, it was then involved for formal, top-down transmission, for instance, company annual report. Internal communication then evolved to the digital era where Internet was highly used as a communication tool. When email was in troduced into the business settings and with it the nature of communication has radically changed. Lee, 2006) As the digital technology advances, internal communication has evolved to the point where not only can employees and employers freely email each other, forward messages without any editing (showing the whole conversational trail), and forward those messages outside of the corporate walls, but also employees and employers can use these emails to bring about grievance procedures, litigation and dismissal. (Lee, 2006) It is seen that internal communication has undergone deliberately change and will continue growing. Today’s internal communication practitioner is focused on challenging and stimulating employees, managing change and gaining employee engagement and commitment. (Chalmers, 2008) The aim has moved from controlling and directing people, through providing information, making announcements and supporting industrial relations, to supporting the development of a flexible work environment which adapts to change, seeks improvement, shares knowledge and know-how, generates ideas and involves people in achieving strategic goals. Chalmers, 2008) Most of the people understand the significance of internal communication but very few could manage it efficiently. Many people think that internal communication is one of the functions that they think they can do well. In fact, when it comes to real situation on handling employees, certain strategies and techniques are needed to communicate and tackle. In talking to many individuals at very different levels in very disparate sectors, what has come across as crucial is the need for internal communication to be championed at the very top of the organization and also for senior management and the boardroom to respect the expertise of the specialist tasked to deliver, be they internally or externally placed. Smith, 2008) A large number of studies by both professional management groups and professional communications bodies consistently find that ‘communicating with employees’ is a useful and powerful way of engendering greater ‘engagement’ – the propensity of the employee to want to come to work and want to contribute to the success of the company. (Lee, 2006) Gauri Deshmukh, head of HR at SAS India states that internal communication is important for a company as it provides information and encourages sharing by driving and supporting the organisation’s short-term and long-term goals and objectiv es. In addition, Deshmukh also mentions that with effective internal communications, it ensures that knowledge-sharing and communication processes are part of the daily workflow across all functions of the business. By having good internal communication, a company ensures that in between employers and employees they are constantly updated with information. In fact, a good internal communications not only affects organizational and operational success, but it has a considerable impact on external functions such as marketing, community and government relations, nd investor relations. (Brown, 2002) Internal communication is significant in any company because it is the building block of the organisational culture. (Civicus, 2001) Furthermore, internal communication is important so that employees become advocates for company. It is important to create a ‘common purpose’ across the company – creating the sense of a team where everyone feels ownership in their roles and in a chieving the company’s goals. (WK, 2010) In this way employees feel accepted and being part of the company. Likewise, internal communication is one of the key ‘intangible’ factors leading to high performance. (WK, 2010) For instance, if communication in a company is managed well employees are more confident and clear with the company mission and vision thus makes excellent financial as well as business. Not only that, having good internal communication helps build out company’s brand internally as employees are the best ambassadors, and internal perceptions should mirror what the company is telling the world. Trout, 2012) When the company is communicating effectively with its internal stakeholders, be it employees, management or volunteers, programmes and departments share more resources and information resulting in less duplication of work and stronger impact as a whole company. (Civicus, 2001) Without an effective internal communications, a company allows others to determine what information (or disinformation) is communicated to employees about their company. Brown, 2002) Smart employers realize that in environments where employees are able to move from one employer to another with relative ease, it is in the company’s best interests to retain the smarter and more productive employees; doing all they can to communicate with them, inform them, influence them and enter into some sort of psychological contract with them is a wise move. Lee, 2006) Besides, without effective internal communications, the crisis of confidence in businesses and corporate leadership could hurt sincere efforts to build a positive corporate culture and to enhance employee morale and productivity, and devastate the overall image of an organization. (Brown, 2002) Case Study I: Nokia is one of the top mobile phone manufacturer favoured by many people. In order to compete with other mobile phone manufacturer Nokia is constantly improvising and upgrading their gadgets to serve people needs these days. The reason Nokia has been so successful is no doubt its creation on mobile phones, as well as the strong team in the company that has made where it stands today. In a technologically savvy company like Nokia, it’s no surprise that they’ve been successfully implementing social media into their internal communications. (Kass, 2012) Nokia’s motto is connecting people and exploring ways to enhance communication. (Kass, 2012) In order to realize that vision, Nokia uses a number of different vehicles for two-way and push or pull communications; social media plays a big part with fitting into that strategy. Nokia’s Social Media Communications team was established in early 2008, aimed to improve inter-company communications and engaging employees. The objective of the team is to: encourage the use of social media internally to bring out the company’s unique authentic voice and to engage in social media externally on behalf of Nokia, and contributing to product and service announcements by opening up a dialogue and driving online engagement. (Kass, 2012) Nokia has 125,000 employees around the world. It is the company’s utmost important task to engage all employees in order to achieve company business goal. There are a few platforms in Nokia allowing employees from global to connect as if they work in a small company together. According to Molly Schonthal who worked on the company’s Social Media team in North America, the BlogHub is Nokia’s most powerful and effective social media tool that is used internally. It has been said that BlogHub lowers the barriers for employees to find conversations relevant to them. In terms of interaction, employees are allowed to communicate freely via BlogHub. They could make comment on posts, share ideas and knowledge on issues that have been mentioned. In addition, BlogHub serves as a useful search engine for employees to seek out information relevant to them. From a management point of view, through BlogHub feedback on various issues are gained quickly and track the conversations that are happening inside the company. Voting and ratings on posts are enabled as well for employees to be part of the decision team. Nokia has also introduced Nokia Conversations blog where latest Nokia product news would be posted. Through this blog employees could find a big overview of all the topics going on in Nokia. Similar to any other company that is engaged on social media, Nokia has its very own YouTube and Twitter account. Other than that, VideoHub has grown increasingly popular with employees allowing for postings to be updated on a daily basis. Besides, Nokia’s Infopedia wiki allows employees to share knowledge inside the company. If someone needs to quickly check a piece of information, Nokia’s effective internal communication channel, Instant Messaging (IM) is available for employees. It claims to remove the barrier of more formalized communication in between employees. For global company like Nokia, in order to save cost and time, Nokia has it’s own video conference channel where annual communication meetings and real time conversations could be held. Considering people do not check their mailboxes as much anymore Nokia has slowly cut down prints publications in an effort to become more environmentally aware. In fact Nokia in North America has completely eliminated print publications. Newsletters are now kept to an electronic HTML format, which is e-mail so it is more easily distributed. Similar to every other company Nokia uses intranet communications as well. It is the center of where people go to get information on benefits or organization charts. Furthermore, to reach more employees, Nokia regularly posts relevant company announcements on plasma screens around regional offices, usually in cafeterias and breakout rooms, with its promise on going environmental friendly. At North America, leadership also encourages employees to speak directly with their line managers to better understand organizational strategy and what role they can play in that strategy. For all of Nokia’s Web 2. 0 tools, Schonthal is quick to point out that â€Å"social media is never a replacement for high touch engagement. † (Kass, 2012) Instead, it can contribute to various company events and other in-person initiatives. â€Å"Social media complements these things but doesn’t take away from the ability to internally engage and share ideas,† she further explains. Nokia provides many platforms for employees to stay engaged, all for one clear identified goal – connect all the people in the company. For such global company I believe Nokia in different countries or branches could decide on which channel they prefer but I believe as a whole, all the employees in Nokia stay connected via BlogHub. After reviewing how Nokia strives to engage the employees I could see that the management team work hard on receiving feedback as well. They listen to their employees. They make changes. All these actions give employees feel accepted and belonged to the company. The end result is the employees are clear with the goals, mission and procedures of the company, which can result increase their work effort and efficiency and boost business. Case Study II: â€Å"We were driven to connect the organization with itself, and realized enterprise social networking was the solution. I can truly say after more than two years that we have achieved an official internal communications channel. Socialcast lifted the boundaries and made our organization transparent. We connect daily with people from India, China, the US, and Brazil. Without Socialcast it would not be possible,† says Dennis Agusi, Global Internal Communications Officer, Royal Philips Electronics. Royal Philips Electronics of the Netherlands is a diversified health and well-being company, focused on improving people’s lives through timely innovations. As a world leader in healthcare, lifestyle and lighting, Philips integrates technologies and design into people-centric solutions, based on fundamental customer insights and the brand promise of â€Å"sense and simplicity†. Philips Case Study 2012) In 2010, Philips began to explore how the company should help its employees spread around the globe to feel engaged, work like a small team driven by shared goals. On the way of researching, the Corporate Communications and IT department discovered that approximately 1,600 employees were actively using a free tool they had found on the Internet to communicate and collab orate. Knowing two platforms for collaboration would not be a great idea so the team took initiative to introduce a new platform to these early users. These early users provided positive and valuable feedback and recommendations on how to improve the enterprise social experience the best it could be. Then it led to a successful launch of an enterprise social network. The company adopted â€Å"Connect Us† and the network was launched with wide support. On launch day, Connect Us had 400 members. Within two months, 7,000 employees had joined the community. Through Connect Us they allow employee-to-employee exchanges as well as management-to-employee communications. Employees are allowed to post freely, share knowledge to make work easier. Connect Us helps to remove barriers between departments as well. Through Socialcast Reach, employees are allowed to share information and data in between departments resulting a more seamless flow of work. In addition, a new idea can be communicated more broadly, increasing sense of connectedness and engagement across the company. From management perspective, through Connect Us, the Communications and IT team could monitor what’s happening in the company, check trending topics or people, at real time. According to report, Connect Us has enabled new and sometimes unexpected forms of employee engagement. All Employee Jam† was a crowdsourcing project designed to bring to life the company’s new, refreshed Mission and Vision statement through dialogue, discussion and debate. This exercise has successfully drawn employees who had not yet joined the social community into Connect Us. According to feedback, employees who participated in this exercise were found to be far m ore aware of and aligned with the Philips Mission and Vision than those employees who did not participate. This resulted Philips truly believes that enterprise social networks help companies increase employee engagement and retention. I liked the idea of how Philips tries to maintain the communication channel as one, which is Connect Us. I believe there are other platforms available for instance intranet but Connect Us is actively used by people in the company. From not knowing employees are using free online tool to communicate to introducing socialcast network, Philips has come a long way into realizing the importance of internal communication. The All Employee Jam has definitely demonstrated the power of enterprised social networking. It encouraged the employees to share knowledge, to stay connected which resulted in a greater identity with the company. In this two case studies, both companies Nokia and Philips selected appropriate channels for communication according to its needs. Nokia has different communication platforms serving different purposes. For instance, BlogHub allows employees to find information they need and Instant Messaging is a tool for quick and easy communication. On the other hand, Philips focus mainly on Connect Us, from searching information to accelerating ideas to sharing data it is all done on Connect Us. However, on my opinion, Nokia has too many platforms it might be tough to engage all the employees in one platform, as the users are free to choose which platforms they get information from. Whereas Philips uses Connect Us, most of the employees are part of the community and anything they need require can be found on Connect Us. I think this is one of the advantages of having a focused channel. Likewise, the tools and tactics, both companies chose to be focus more on information technology. In terms of interactivity, both companies engage their employees as well as welcoming their feedbacks. The employees are encouraged to utilise these channels to feel more accepted and being part of the company. For instance, Philips Connect Us not only allows employees-to-employees exchange, as well as management-to-employees communication. In this case it removes barriers between management and employees so work can be done easier. As for Nokia, feedbacks are valued through voting and ratings on posts and comments, allowing management to understand the employees better. Besides, both case studies reviewed the importance of evaluation on internal communication. In order to improve, the management team has to constantly measure the effectiveness of the communication tools and find ways to improve. Nokia and Philips monitor their employees through these platforms to find out what is really happening in the company. This way they could make sure the employees are on par with company’s goals. In conclusion, internal communication has never been so important. Many people know what internal communication is and they think they know how to function this but they might not know the true meaning behind it. Effective internal communication does not mean to have a lot of communication platforms, spending big budget on this function but utilizing the appropriate communication tool for employees get involved. If you want to build brand for your company first you have to build your brand internally. After all employees are the representatives of your company, they are the brand. Internal communication comes a long way to build, it might need more time and effort to achieve the effective result as desired but the end result is always proven satisfaction, that I am sure. A combination of strong communication, teamwork and camaraderie framed within trusting relationships will help achieve remarkable results in times of large-scale change and uncertainty, writes University of Nottingham chief executive Peter Homa. And finally, in my own words, you can’t communicate with your audience until your internal message is crystal clear.